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to stuff knowledge into sb

  • 1 ingurgiter

    ingurgiter [ɛ̃gyʀʒite]
    ➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb
    [+ nourriture] to swallow ; [+ vin] to gulp down
    • faire ingurgiter de la nourriture/une boisson à qn to force food/a drink down sb
    * * *
    ɛ̃gyʀʒite
    1) ( avaler) to gulp down [boisson, aliment]; to swallow [médicament]
    2) ( assimiler) to take in [donnée]; to learn [programme]
    * * *
    ɛ̃ɡyʀʒite vt

    faire ingurgiter qch à qn — to make sb swallow sth, to force-feed sb with sth, fig, [connaissances] to cram sth into sb

    * * *
    ingurgiter verb table: aimer vtr
    1 ( avaler) to gulp down [boisson, aliment]; to swallow [médicament];
    2 ( assimiler) to take in [donnée]; to devour [livre]; to learn [programme].
    [ɛ̃gyrʒite] verbe transitif
    1. [avaler - aliments] to wolf ou to gulp down (separable) ; [ - boisson] to gulp down (separable), to knock back (separable)
    2. (figuré) to take in (separable)
    faire ingurgiter des faits/dates à quelqu'un to stuff somebody's head full of facts/dates

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > ingurgiter

  • 2 materia

    f.
    1 matter (sustancia, asunto).
    en materia de on the subject of, concerning
    la legislación en materia de medio ambiente the legislation on the subject of o concerning the environment
    entrar en materia to get down to business
    materia grasa fat content
    materia gris gray matter
    materia orgánica organic matter
    2 material (material).
    materia prima raw material
    3 subject (asignatura).
    * * *
    1 (sustancia) matter
    2 (material) material, substance
    3 (asignatura) subject
    4 (asunto) subject, matter
    \
    en materia de... on the subject of...
    entrar en materia to get to the point
    índice de materias table of contents
    materia gris grey matter
    materia prima raw material
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Fís) matter; (=material) material, substance

    materia fecal — faeces pl, feces pl (EEUU)

    materia gris — grey o (EEUU) gray matter

    2) (=tema) subject matter; (Escol) subject

    entrar en materia — to get down to business, get to the point

    materia optativa — (Escol) option, optional subject

    * * *
    1) ( sustancia) matter
    2)
    a) (tema, asunto) subject

    en materia de — as regards, with regard to

    entrar en materia: entremos en materia — let's get straight to the matter in hand o straight down to business

    b) ( material) material
    c) (esp AmL) ( asignatura) subject
    •
    * * *
    = matter, subject, subject term, topic, subject matter, rubric, material, subject discipline.
    Ex. Ranganathan proposed five basic types of facets which may occur in many subject fields: personality, matter, energy, space, time.
    Ex. What is a subject?.
    Ex. In alphabetical indexing languages, such as are embodied in thesauri and subject headings lists, subject terms are the alphabetical names of the subjects.
    Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex. The librarian generally looks at the book's title, subtitle, preface, contents list, etc, in order to determine the subject matter.
    Ex. And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.
    Ex. The material in the exhibition is organized into four thematic sections: objects used in daily life, funerary rites, religious items, and works of art.
    Ex. Respondents indicated that they needed to master several subject disciplines and a sizable vocabulary to understand the literature they use.
    ----
    * acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.
    * acceso por materias = subject access.
    * al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type.
    * alfabético por materias = alphabetico-subject.
    * aportar materia prima para = provide + grist for + Posesivo + mill.
    * asignación de materias = subject indexing, subject assignment.
    * buscado por materia = subject-traced.
    * buscador por materias = subject gateway.
    * búsqueda por materia = subject searching, topical subject search.
    * búsqueda por materias = subject search, subject query, subject browsing.
    * catalogador de materias = subject cataloguer.
    * catálogo alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject catalogue.
    * catálogo de materias = subject catalogue.
    * catálogo sistemático de materias = classified subject catalogue.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificar por materia = subject classify.
    * conocer muy bien la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * consulta por materias = subject browsing.
    * control de materias = subject control.
    * cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.
    * dar materia para la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * derechos en materia de procreación = reproductive rights.
    * descriptor de materia = subject descriptor.
    * distribución de una materia en su índice = subject scatter.
    * encabezamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject heading.
    * encabezamiento de materia = subject heading, subject description.
    * encabezamiento de materia específico = specific subject heading.
    * Encabezamientos de Materia de Medicina (MeSH) = Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
    * en materia de = in matters of, as regards, with regard(s) to, regarding, on, concerning, in the field of.
    * entrada alfabética de materia = alphabetical subject entry.
    * entrada de materia = subject entry.
    * especialista en una materia = subject specialist.
    * experto en la materia = subject expert.
    * fichero de materias = descriptor file.
    * fichero ordenado por materias = subject file.
    * identificador de materia = subject label.
    * índice alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject index.
    * índice articulado de materias = articulated subject index.
    * índice de materias = subject index, topical index, subject guide.
    * Indice Permutado de Materias = Permuterm Subject Index.
    * índices de títulos al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type title indexes.
    * Indización Permutada de Materias basada en Postulados (POPSI) = Postulate-based Permuted Subject Indexing (POPSI).
    * indización por materias = subject indexing.
    * información como materia prima, la = information commodity.
    * información sobre la materia = subject data.
    * LCSH (Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCSH (Library of Congress List of Subject Headings).
    * lista alfabética de encabezamientos de materia = alphabetical list of subject headings.
    * lista de encabezamientos de materia = subject headings list.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Asociación de Bibliotecas Escolar = SLA List.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materias de Sears = Sears' List of Subject Headings.
    * materia asociada = collateral subject.
    * materia compuesta = complex subject, composite subject, compound subject.
    * materia coordinada = coordinate subject.
    * materia de estudio = subject of study.
    * materia específica = subordinate subject, specific subject.
    * materia favorita = pet subject.
    * materia general = superordinate subject, parent subject.
    * materia gris = grey matter [gray matter].
    * materia impresa = printed matter.
    * materia inanimada = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia inorgánica = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia más específica = narrower subject.
    * materia más general = broader subject.
    * materia muerta = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia optativa = option.
    * materia orgánica = organic matter, organic materials.
    * materia preferida = pet subject.
    * materia prima = raw material, staple diet, grist, primary raw material, feedstock.
    * materia principal = main subject.
    * materia representada por un solo descriptor = one-concept subject.
    * materia representada por varios descriptores = multi-concept subject.
    * materia secundaria = fringe subject.
    * materias troncales = core curriculum.
    * materia troncal = core subject.
    * materia viva = living matter.
    * mercado de materias primas, el = commodity market, the.
    * nombre de materia = subject name.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * ordenación por materias = subject arrangement.
    * organización de materias = subject organisation.
    * porcentaje de materias servidas = subject fill rate.
    * por materias = subject-based, topically.
    * precios de las materias primas = commodity prices.
    * profano en la materia = non-scholar.
    * recuperación por materias = subject access, subject retrieval.
    * registro de encabezamiento secundario de materia = subject tracing.
    * salud en materia de procreación = reproductive health.
    * ser la materia prima de = be grist to + Posesivo + mill.
    * ser un experto en la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * subdivisión de materia = subject subdivision.
    * subencabezamiento de materia = subject heading subdivision, topical subheading.
    * terminología usada para las materias = subject terminology.
    * tratamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject approach.
    * * *
    1) ( sustancia) matter
    2)
    a) (tema, asunto) subject

    en materia de — as regards, with regard to

    entrar en materia: entremos en materia — let's get straight to the matter in hand o straight down to business

    b) ( material) material
    c) (esp AmL) ( asignatura) subject
    •
    * * *
    = matter, subject, subject term, topic, subject matter, rubric, material, subject discipline.

    Ex: Ranganathan proposed five basic types of facets which may occur in many subject fields: personality, matter, energy, space, time.

    Ex: What is a subject?.
    Ex: In alphabetical indexing languages, such as are embodied in thesauri and subject headings lists, subject terms are the alphabetical names of the subjects.
    Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex: The librarian generally looks at the book's title, subtitle, preface, contents list, etc, in order to determine the subject matter.
    Ex: And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.
    Ex: The material in the exhibition is organized into four thematic sections: objects used in daily life, funerary rites, religious items, and works of art.
    Ex: Respondents indicated that they needed to master several subject disciplines and a sizable vocabulary to understand the literature they use.
    * acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.
    * acceso por materias = subject access.
    * al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type.
    * alfabético por materias = alphabetico-subject.
    * aportar materia prima para = provide + grist for + Posesivo + mill.
    * asignación de materias = subject indexing, subject assignment.
    * buscado por materia = subject-traced.
    * buscador por materias = subject gateway.
    * búsqueda por materia = subject searching, topical subject search.
    * búsqueda por materias = subject search, subject query, subject browsing.
    * catalogador de materias = subject cataloguer.
    * catálogo alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject catalogue.
    * catálogo de materias = subject catalogue.
    * catálogo sistemático de materias = classified subject catalogue.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificar por materia = subject classify.
    * conocer muy bien la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * consulta por materias = subject browsing.
    * control de materias = subject control.
    * cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.
    * dar materia para la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * derechos en materia de procreación = reproductive rights.
    * descriptor de materia = subject descriptor.
    * distribución de una materia en su índice = subject scatter.
    * encabezamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject heading.
    * encabezamiento de materia = subject heading, subject description.
    * encabezamiento de materia específico = specific subject heading.
    * Encabezamientos de Materia de Medicina (MeSH) = Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
    * en materia de = in matters of, as regards, with regard(s) to, regarding, on, concerning, in the field of.
    * entrada alfabética de materia = alphabetical subject entry.
    * entrada de materia = subject entry.
    * especialista en una materia = subject specialist.
    * experto en la materia = subject expert.
    * fichero de materias = descriptor file.
    * fichero ordenado por materias = subject file.
    * identificador de materia = subject label.
    * índice alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject index.
    * índice articulado de materias = articulated subject index.
    * índice de materias = subject index, topical index, subject guide.
    * Indice Permutado de Materias = Permuterm Subject Index.
    * índices de títulos al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type title indexes.
    * Indización Permutada de Materias basada en Postulados (POPSI) = Postulate-based Permuted Subject Indexing (POPSI).
    * indización por materias = subject indexing.
    * información como materia prima, la = information commodity.
    * información sobre la materia = subject data.
    * LCSH (Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCSH (Library of Congress List of Subject Headings).
    * lista alfabética de encabezamientos de materia = alphabetical list of subject headings.
    * lista de encabezamientos de materia = subject headings list.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Asociación de Bibliotecas Escolar = SLA List.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materias de Sears = Sears' List of Subject Headings.
    * materia asociada = collateral subject.
    * materia compuesta = complex subject, composite subject, compound subject.
    * materia coordinada = coordinate subject.
    * materia de estudio = subject of study.
    * materia específica = subordinate subject, specific subject.
    * materia favorita = pet subject.
    * materia general = superordinate subject, parent subject.
    * materia gris = grey matter [gray matter].
    * materia impresa = printed matter.
    * materia inanimada = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia inorgánica = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia más específica = narrower subject.
    * materia más general = broader subject.
    * materia muerta = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia optativa = option.
    * materia orgánica = organic matter, organic materials.
    * materia preferida = pet subject.
    * materia prima = raw material, staple diet, grist, primary raw material, feedstock.
    * materia principal = main subject.
    * materia representada por un solo descriptor = one-concept subject.
    * materia representada por varios descriptores = multi-concept subject.
    * materia secundaria = fringe subject.
    * materias troncales = core curriculum.
    * materia troncal = core subject.
    * materia viva = living matter.
    * mercado de materias primas, el = commodity market, the.
    * nombre de materia = subject name.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * ordenación por materias = subject arrangement.
    * organización de materias = subject organisation.
    * porcentaje de materias servidas = subject fill rate.
    * por materias = subject-based, topically.
    * precios de las materias primas = commodity prices.
    * profano en la materia = non-scholar.
    * recuperación por materias = subject access, subject retrieval.
    * registro de encabezamiento secundario de materia = subject tracing.
    * salud en materia de procreación = reproductive health.
    * ser la materia prima de = be grist to + Posesivo + mill.
    * ser un experto en la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * subdivisión de materia = subject subdivision.
    * subencabezamiento de materia = subject heading subdivision, topical subheading.
    * terminología usada para las materias = subject terminology.
    * tratamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject approach.

    * * *
    A (sustancia) matter
    materia orgánica/viva organic/living matter
    Compuestos:
    feces* (pl), fecal* matter
    fat
    gray* matter
    dark matter
    ( Econ, Tec) raw material; ( Fin) commodity
    el mercado de materias primas the commodities market
    B
    1 (tema, asunto) subject
    los libros están ordenados por materias the books are arranged according to subject
    en materia jurídica es un experto he's an expert on legal matters
    en materia de as regards, with regard to
    es un país muy avanzado en materia de sanidad it is a very advanced country in terms of o with regard to o as regards health care
    entrar en materia: entró inmediatamente en materia he went straight into the subject, he got straight to the point
    2 (material) material
    aquí hay materia para hacer un estudio muy completo there is enough material here to do an in-depth study
    3 ( esp AmL) (asignatura) subject
    Compuesto:
    classified information
    * * *

     

    materia sustantivo femenino
    1 ( sustancia) matter;
    ◊ materia gris gray( conjugate gray) matter;

    materia prima (Econ, Tec) raw material;

    (Fin) commodity
    2
    a) (tema, asunto) subject;



    materia sustantivo femenino
    1 matter
    materia inorgánica/orgánica, inorganic/organic matter
    materia no contaminante, non-polluting material
    2 (tema) matter, stuff: domina muy bien la materia, she knows her stuff
    es un especialista en la materia, he's an expert on the subject
    3 Educ (asignatura) subject
    ' materia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cartón
    - consistente
    - curso
    - en
    - gris
    - lega
    - lego
    - prima
    - primo
    - revés
    - saber
    - sebo
    - tierra
    - autoridad
    - conocer
    - corromper
    - corrompido
    - corrupción
    - pasta
    - procesar
    - profano
    - reprobar
    English:
    abrasive
    - commodity
    - cut
    - deterioration
    - fluid
    - grey matter
    - ground
    - insulation
    - last
    - material
    - matter
    - of
    - out of
    - raw material
    - rock
    - rubber
    - soft
    - soil
    - strong
    - subject
    - subject matter
    - substitute
    - tarmac
    - wood
    - lay
    - raw
    - subsidiary
    - wastage
    * * *
    1. [sustancia] matter
    Anat materia gris grey matter;
    materia orgánica organic matter;
    Astron materia oscura dark matter
    2. [asunto] matter;
    materia de reflexión food for thought;
    en materia de on the subject of, concerning;
    han llegado a un acuerdo en materia de impuestos they have come to an agreement on o concerning taxation;
    la legislación en materia de medio ambiente the legislation on the subject of o concerning the environment;
    entrar en materia to get down to business
    3. [material] material
    materia prima raw material
    4. [asignatura] subject
    RP Univ materia previa = module that has to be passed in order to do a more advanced module
    * * *
    f
    1 matter
    2 ( material) material
    3 ( tema) subject;
    entrar en materia get on to the subject;
    en materia de as regards
    * * *
    1) : matter
    materia gris: gray matter
    2) : material
    materia prima: raw material
    3) : (academic) subject
    4)
    en materia de : on the subject of, concerning
    * * *
    1. (en general) matter
    2. (asignatura, tema) subject

    Spanish-English dictionary > materia

  • 3 разбирам

    1. understand, comprehend; make out
    разг. get
    (схващам, осъзнавам) realize, see
    (хитрина и пр.) see through
    разбирам криво misunderstand; mistake s.o.'s meaning; get s.o. wrong
    разбирам смисъла на make sense of, make out
    разбирам значението на grasp the meaning of
    разбирам какво искате да кажете I see what you mean, I see your point
    разбирам защо I see why, I can well understand why
    разбирам, вие искате да я посетите you wish to visit her
    2. take it
    не разбирам никак I can't make anything of
    съвсем не мога да разбера това that passes/that is beyond my comprehension
    разг. that's one too many for me, that beats/licks me
    не разбирам най-същественото miss the point
    той не разбра шегата the meaning of the joke escaped him, he couldn't get the joke
    разбирам намека take the hint
    откъде/как разбра? how did you find out/know?
    разбирам колко струва някой size s.o. up
    разбирам как трябва да действувам see o.'s way
    разбирам как стоят нещата/работите put two and two together
    разбирам ги тия работи I know what's whst
    вие не разбирате интересите си you don't know where your interests lie
    разбирам сигнала мор. make out the signal/flags
    разбирам нуждите на момента realize the needs of the moment, be aware of/alive to the needs of the moment
    не знам как да разбирам всичко това I don't know what to make of all this/of it all
    как да го разбирам? how am I to interpret/take this?
    разбирам по-добре (вниквам в) get a better understanding/grasp of
    3. (имам мнение за, преценявам) see, look at
    разбирам нещата иначе I see things differently, I take a different view of things
    4. (споделям, сьчувствувам) understand, be in sympathy with
    разбирам чувствата на някого enter into s.o.'s feelings
    5. ( разбирам от) understand, have a knowledge/grasp of, be a judge of
    (оценявам) appreciate
    (бива ме за) know about, be good at, be (well) versed in
    разбирам нещо от know s.th. of
    разбирам от работата си be up to o.'s work, разг. know o.'s stuff
    не разбирам от be no judge of
    тя разбира от хубаво she knows a good thing when she sees it
    разбирам от добро respond to kindness
    той не разбира от дума he won't listen to reason
    не разбирам от тия работи this is not in my line
    6. ( разбирам от, имам полза от) profit by
    не си разбрах от почивката my holiday was anything but a rest
    8. give s.o. to understand, make it clear to s.o. (that)
    9. (сгьлчавам) tick s.o. off; give s.o. a lesson, give s.o. what for
    това разбирам книга/филм/кола that's what I call a (good, fine) book/film/car
    10. (спогаждам се) get on/along (с with), get on together; hit it off
    (споразумявам се) come to terms/to an agreement/an understanding, agree (с with)
    най-после се разбрахме we finally reached an agreement
    разбирам се с някого да arrange/settle with s.o. to
    не се разбираме be at cross purposes
    дайте да се разберем let's get this straight
    11. вж. разбирам от дума
    12. it is/becomes clear
    разбра се, че it became clear that
    * * *
    разбѝрам,
    гл.
    1. understand, comprehend; make out; get it right; разг. get; catch on; ( следя мисълта на) follow; ( схващам, осъзнавам) realize, see; ( откривам) find out; ( хитрина и пр.) see through; не знам как да \разбирам всичко това I don’t know what to make of all this/of it all; не \разбирам най-същественото miss the point; нищо не \разбирам! (it) beats me! разбирай ( като пояснение) that is, ( при четене) read; \разбирам ги тия работи I know what’s what; \разбирам значението на grasp the meaning of; \разбирам как стоят нещата/работите get the picture (clear), put two and two together; \разбирам как трябва да действам see o.’s way; \разбирам какво искате да кажете I see your point; \разбирам колко струва някой size s.o. up, get s.o.’s number; \разбирам криво misunderstand; get s.o. wrong; \разбирам намека take the message/hint; \разбирам нуждите на момента be aware of/alive to the needs of the moment; \разбирам по-добре ( вниквам в) get a better understanding/grasp of; \разбирам смисъла на make sense of; разбираш ли ме разг. Do you read me? съвсем не мога да разбера това разг. that’s one too many for me, that beats/licks me; той не разбра шегата the meaning of the joke escaped him;
    2. ( имам мнение за, преценявам) see, look at; \разбирам нещата иначе I take a different view of things;
    3. ( споделям, съчувствам) understand, be in sympathy with;
    4. (\разбирам от) understand, have a knowledge/grasp of, be a judge o, be skilled inf; ( оценявам) appreciate; ( бива ме за) know about, be good at, be (well) versed in; не \разбирам от be no judge of; не \разбирам от тия работи this is not in my line; нищо не мога да разбера от тази работа I can’t make head or tail of it; \разбирам от добро respond to kindness; \разбирам от работата си be up to o.’s work, разг. know o.’s stuff/onions; той не разбира от дума he won’t listen to reason;
    5. (\разбирам от, имам полза от) profit by; не си разбрах от почивката my holiday was anything but a rest; нищо не разбрах от парите му much I profited by his money;
    \разбирам се 1. ( спогаждам се) get on/along (c with), hit it off; ( споразумявам се) come to terms/to an agreement, agree (c with); ( напълно съм съгласен) see eye to eye (с with); дайте да се разберем let’s get this straight; най-после се разбрахме we finally reached an agreement; не се \разбираме be at cross purposes; \разбирам се с някого да arrange/settle with s.o. to;
    2. само 3 л.: ако разбирате какво искам да кажа if you see what I mean, if you follow me; вие сякаш не ме разбирате you don’t seem to follow me; давам да се разбере make it plain/clear, intimate; давам да се разбере недвусмислено give a broad hint; давам да се разбере отдалече give a gentle hint; нещо, което се разбира от само себе си a matter of course; разбира се certainly, naturally, sure, definitely, of course, by all means; амер. разг. you bet; това се разбира от само себе си it goes without saying, it stands to reason; • давам някому да разбере
    1. make it clear to s.o. (that);
    2. ( сгълчавам) tick s.o. off; teach/give s.o. a lesson; sort s.o. out.
    * * *
    understand (understood): He did not разбирам me - Той не ме разбра, I can not разбирам your anger. - Не мога да разбера гнева ти., Do you разбирам French? - Разбираш ли Френски?, Am I to разбирам that you refuse? - Да разбирам ли, че ми отказваш?; comprehend: разбирам a text - разбирам текст; gather: What did you разбирам from his statement? - Какво разбра от неговото изказване?; grasp; take{teik}: do not take my words literally - не разбирайте думите ми буквално; catch; discover (откривам): I will discover the truth. - Ще открия истината.; find out (откривам); realize (осъзнавам): Do you разбирам your error? - Разбираш ли грешката си?; follow; misapprehend (погрешно); penetrate; (съгласие): of course (се): разбирам I will come tomorrow. - Разбира се, че ще дойда утре.; certainly: Your idea разбирам is better than mine. - Разбира се, твоята идея е по-добра от моята.; sure; admittedly (се); all right (се)
    * * *
    1. (РАЗБИРАМ от) understand, have a knowledge/grasp of, be a judge of 2. (РАЗБИРАМ от, имам полза от) profit by 3. (бива ме за) know about, be good at, be (well) versed in 4. (имам мнение за, преценявам) see, look at 5. (напълно съм съгласен) see eye to eye (c with) 6. (откривам) find out 7. (оценявам) appreciate 8. (получавам известие) hear (от from) 9. (следя мисълта на) follow 10. (спогаждам се) get on/along (с with), get on together;hit it off 11. (споделям, сьчувствувам) understand, be in sympathy with 12. (споразумявам се) come to terms/to an agreement/an understanding, agree (c with) 13. (схващам, осъзнавам) realize, see 14. (хитрина и пр.) see through 15. 1 вж. РАЗБИРАМ от дума 16. 1 само 17. 13л, it is/becomes clear 18. 2 take it 19. 8) give s. o. to understand, make it clear to s. o. (that) 20. 9) (сгьлчавам) tick s. o. off;give s. o. a lesson, give s. o. what for 21. understand, comprehend;make out 22. РАЗБИРАМ ce 23. РАЗБИРАМ ги тия работи I know what's whst 24. РАЗБИРАМ защо I see why, I can well understand why 25. РАЗБИРАМ значението на grasp the meaning of 26. РАЗБИРАМ как стоят нещата/работите put two and two together 27. РАЗБИРАМ как трябва да действувам see o.'s way 28. РАЗБИРАМ какво искате да кажете I see what you mean, I see your point 29. РАЗБИРАМ колко струва някой size s. o. up 30. РАЗБИРАМ криво misunderstand;mistake s.o.'s meaning;get s. o. wrong 31. РАЗБИРАМ намека take the hint 32. РАЗБИРАМ нещата иначе I see things differently, I take a different view of things 33. РАЗБИРАМ нещо от know s. th. of 34. РАЗБИРАМ нуждите на момента realize the needs of the moment, be aware of/alive to the needs of the moment 35. РАЗБИРАМ от добро respond to kindness 36. РАЗБИРАМ от работата си be up to o.'s work, разг. know o.'s stuff 37. РАЗБИРАМ по-добре (вниквам в) get a better understanding/grasp of 38. РАЗБИРАМ се с някого да arrange/settle with s. o. to 39. РАЗБИРАМ сигнала мор. make out the signal/flags 40. РАЗБИРАМ смисъла на make sense of, make out 41. РАЗБИРАМ чувствата на някого enter into s. o.'s feelings 42. РАЗБИРАМ, вие искате да я посетите you wish to visit her, 43. вие не разбирате интересите си you don't know where your interests lie 44. давам някому да разбере 45. дайте да се разберем let's get this straight 46. как да го РАЗБИРАМ ? how am I to interpret/take this? 47. както си РАЗБИРАМ as I see fit 48. най-после се разбрахме we finally reached an agreement 49. не РАЗБИРАМ нaй-същественото miss the point 50. не РАЗБИРАМ никак I can't make anything of 51. не РАЗБИРАМ от be no judge of 52. не РАЗБИРАМ от тия работи this is not in my line 53. не знам как да РАЗБИРАМ всичко това I don't know what to make of all this/of it all 54. не ме разбирайте буквално don't take me literally 55. не се РАЗБИРАМЕ be at cross purposes 56. не си разбрах от почивката my holiday was anything but a rest 57. нищо не мога да разбера от тази работа I can't make head or tail of it 58. нищо не разбрах от парите му much I profited by his money 59. откъде/как разбра? how did you find out/know? 60. разбери от дума be sensible 61. разбирай (като пояснение) that is, (при четене) read 62. разбра се, че it became clear that 63. разбрах I see 64. разг. get 65. разг. that's one too many for me, that beats/licks me 66. съвсем не мога да разбера това that passes/that is beyond my comprehension 67. това РАЗБИРАМ книга/филм/кола that's what I call a (good, fine) book/film/car 68. това се разбира от само 69. той не може да разбере почерка й he cannot make out/read her writing 70. той не разбира от дума he won't listen to reason 71. той не разбира от шега he can't take a joke 72. той не разбра шегата the meaning of the joke escaped him, he couldn't get the joke 73. той разбра какво представлява тя he saw through her 74. тя разбира от хубаво she knows a good thing when she sees it

    Български-английски речник > разбирам

  • 4 cuento

    m.
    1 tale.
    cuento de hadas fairy tale
    cuento popular folk tale
    2 short story.
    3 story, lie (informal) (mentira, exageración).
    cuento chino tall story, whopper
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: contar.
    * * *
    1 (relato) story, tale
    2 LITERATURA short story
    4 familiar (embuste) fib, story
    \
    ¿a cuento de qué? familiar why?, what for?
    dejarse de cuentos familiar (ir al grano) to get to the point 2 (decir mentiras) to stop telling fibs
    ir con el cuento a alguien to go and tell somebody
    no hagas como el cuento de la lechera figurado don't count your chickens before they are hatched
    tener mucho cuento familiar to make a lot of fuss
    traer algo a cuento figurado to bring something up
    venir a cuento to be pertinent
    cuento chino tall story
    cuento de hadas fairy tale
    * * *
    noun m.
    story, tale
    * * *
    I
    SM
    1) (=historia corta) short story; [para niños] story, tale

    el cuento de Blancanieves — the tale o story of Snow White

    • de cuento, un héroe de cuento — a storybook o fairytale hero

    • ir con el cuento, en seguida le fue con el cuento a la maestra — he went straight off and told the teacher

    el cuento de la lechera —

    2) * (=mentira)

    no le duele nada, no es nada más que cuento — it doesn't hurt at all, he's just putting it on

    ¡no me cuentes cuentos!, ¡no me vengas con cuentos!, ¡déjate de cuentos! — don't give me that! *

    eso se me hace cuento — Cono Sur * I don't believe that for a minute, come off it! *

    • tener cuento, tu hermanito tiene mucho cuento — your little brother is a big fibber *

    cuento chino — tall story, cock-and-bull story *

    ¡no me vengas con cuentos chinos! — don't give me that (rubbish)! *

    el cuento del tío — And, Cono Sur confidence trick, confidence game ( EEUU)

    3) [otras locuciones]

    • ¿a cuento de qué?, ¿a cuento de qué sacas ese tema ahora? — what are you bringing that up for now?

    • traer algo a cuento — to bring sth up

    • venir a cuento, eso no viene a cuento — that's irrelevant, that doesn't come into it, that has nothing to do with it

    4) frm (=cómputo)
    II
    SM [de bastón] point, tip
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( narración corta) short story; ( para niños) story, tale

    el cuento de Cenicienta — the tale o story of Cinderella

    aplícate el cuento — (fam) take note

    cuento de nunca acabar: esto es el cuento de nunca acabar it just never ends, it just goes on and on; traer algo a cuento to bring something up; venir a cuento: eso no viene a cuento that doesn't come into it; sin venir a cuento — for no reason at all

    b) ( chiste) joke, story
    2)
    a) (fam) ( chisme)

    comer cuentos — (Ven fam) to fall for anything

    b) (fam) (mentira, excusa) story (colloq)

    hacerle al cuento — (Méx fam) to pretend

    c) (fam) ( exageración)
    3) ( número)

    sin cuento — countless, innumerable

    II
    * * *
    = story, story book [storybook], tale, yarn, nursery story, storie.
    Nota: Forma arcaica de "story".
    Ex. There were lessons in this story which appear to have been ignored but remain valid for the future.
    Ex. These he bound up in three volumes, and on the fly leaf of the first volume wrote 'I have always retained a kind of affection for little story books, as they recall muy early days'.
    Ex. 'I only wanted to write an interesting tale,' he will say, ignoring that the interest of a story almost always comes from seeing the human will in action -- against chaos or against order.
    Ex. Every teacher, I suppose, has his own collection of favorite yarns based on personal experiences.
    Ex. The child who has the advantage of being brought up enriched by hearing stories and reading books will have the opportunity to air his knowledge about the characters in nursery stories.
    Ex. One of these collectors was a Captain Cox, stone mason of Coventry, a person with 'great oversight... in matters of storie'.
    ----
    * aplicársele el cuento a Alguien = cap + fit.
    * contar un cuento = tell + story.
    * cuenta-cuentos = storyteller [story-teller], storytelling [story-telling].
    * cuento chino = tall tale, tall story.
    * cuento de hadas = fairy story, fairy tale [fairytale].
    * cuento de viejas = old wives' tale.
    * cuento escrito = written story.
    * cuento infantil = picture book.
    * cuento popular = folk tale, folktale [folk tale].
    * hora del cuento = story hour [storyhour], storytelling [story-telling], storytime [story time].
    * lectura de cuentos = story reading.
    * narración de cuentos = storytelling [story-telling].
    * narrador de cuentos = storyteller [story-teller], story teller.
    * que no viene a cuento = off-topic.
    * rincón del cuento, el = storycorner, the.
    * ¡se te acabó el cuento! = the jig's up!.
    * sin venir a cuento = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue, for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.
    * urdir un cuento = weave + a tale.
    * vivir del cuento = live off + the fat of the land.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( narración corta) short story; ( para niños) story, tale

    el cuento de Cenicienta — the tale o story of Cinderella

    aplícate el cuento — (fam) take note

    cuento de nunca acabar: esto es el cuento de nunca acabar it just never ends, it just goes on and on; traer algo a cuento to bring something up; venir a cuento: eso no viene a cuento that doesn't come into it; sin venir a cuento — for no reason at all

    b) ( chiste) joke, story
    2)
    a) (fam) ( chisme)

    comer cuentos — (Ven fam) to fall for anything

    b) (fam) (mentira, excusa) story (colloq)

    hacerle al cuento — (Méx fam) to pretend

    c) (fam) ( exageración)
    3) ( número)

    sin cuento — countless, innumerable

    II
    * * *
    = story, story book [storybook], tale, yarn, nursery story, storie.
    Nota: Forma arcaica de "story".

    Ex: There were lessons in this story which appear to have been ignored but remain valid for the future.

    Ex: These he bound up in three volumes, and on the fly leaf of the first volume wrote 'I have always retained a kind of affection for little story books, as they recall muy early days'.
    Ex: 'I only wanted to write an interesting tale,' he will say, ignoring that the interest of a story almost always comes from seeing the human will in action -- against chaos or against order.
    Ex: Every teacher, I suppose, has his own collection of favorite yarns based on personal experiences.
    Ex: The child who has the advantage of being brought up enriched by hearing stories and reading books will have the opportunity to air his knowledge about the characters in nursery stories.
    Ex: One of these collectors was a Captain Cox, stone mason of Coventry, a person with 'great oversight... in matters of storie'.
    * aplicársele el cuento a Alguien = cap + fit.
    * contar un cuento = tell + story.
    * cuenta-cuentos = storyteller [story-teller], storytelling [story-telling].
    * cuento chino = tall tale, tall story.
    * cuento de hadas = fairy story, fairy tale [fairytale].
    * cuento de viejas = old wives' tale.
    * cuento escrito = written story.
    * cuento infantil = picture book.
    * cuento popular = folk tale, folktale [folk tale].
    * hora del cuento = story hour [storyhour], storytelling [story-telling], storytime [story time].
    * lectura de cuentos = story reading.
    * narración de cuentos = storytelling [story-telling].
    * narrador de cuentos = storyteller [story-teller], story teller.
    * que no viene a cuento = off-topic.
    * rincón del cuento, el = storycorner, the.
    * ¡se te acabó el cuento! = the jig's up!.
    * sin venir a cuento = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue, for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.
    * urdir un cuento = weave + a tale.
    * vivir del cuento = live off + the fat of the land.

    * * *
    A
    1 (narración corta) short story; (para niños) story, tale
    escritor de cuentos a short-story writer
    libro de cuentos book of short stories
    el cuento de Caperucita Roja the tale o story of Little Red Riding Hood
    cuéntame un cuento tell me a story
    aplícate el cuento ( fam); take note
    contar el cuento: un minuto más y no habría contado el cuento one minute more and I wouldn't have been here o have lived to tell the tale ( colloq)
    el cuento de nunca acabar: ¿otra vez nos vamos a mudar? esto es el cuento de nunca acabar we're going to move again? this is like a neverending story o there seems to be no end to this
    traer algo a cuento to bring sth up
    venir a cuento: no saques a relucir cosas que no vienen a cuento don't dredge up things that have nothing to do with this o which have no bearing on this o which are irrelevant
    sin venir a cuento for no reason at all
    2 (chiste) joke, story
    ¿sabes el cuento del elefante que …? do you know the joke o ( colloq) the one about the elephant that …?
    Compuestos:
    short story
    fairy story, fairy tale
    B
    1 ( fam)
    (chisme): se enteró y le fue con el cuento al profesor she found out and ran off to tell the teacher ( colloq)
    siempre anda con cuentos sobre todo el mundo she's always gossiping about everybody
    comer cuentos ( Ven fam): ¡tú sí que comes cuentos! you're so gullible! o you'd believe anything! o ( colloq) you'd fall for anything!
    2 ( fam) (mentira, excusa) story ( colloq)
    no me vengas con cuentos I'm not interested in excuses o stories
    hacerle al cuento ( Méx fam); to pretend, put sb on ( AmE colloq), have sb on ( BrE colloq)
    3 ( fam)
    (exageración): todos esos lloros son puro cuento para que te perdone all that crying is just put on to get me to forgive you
    ¡qué vas a estar enfermo!, ¡tú lo que tienes es mucho cuento! you're not sick, you're just putting it on! ( colloq), you're not sick, stop fibbing! ( colloq)
    Compuestos:
    ( fam):
    eso de que se va a casar es un cuento chino all that stuff about getting married is a load of baloney o ( AmE) bull o ( BrE) rubbish ( colloq)
    yo no soy tan ingenuo, así que no me vengas con cuentos chinos I'm not as gullible as you think, so don't give me your cock-and-bull story ( colloq)
    (CS fam): el cuento del tío a con trick
    me quiso hacer el cuento del tío y no me dejé he tried to con me o pull a fast one on me but I didn't fall for it ( colloq)
    ( fam); old wives' tale
    C
    (número): sin cuento countless, innumerable
    * * *

     

    Del verbo contar: ( conjugate contar)

    cuento es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    contar    
    cuento
    contar ( conjugate contar) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹dinero/votos/días› to count;

    y eso sin cuento las horas extras and that's without including overtime;
    lo cuento entre mis amigos I consider him (to be) one of my friends
    2 ‹cuento/chiste/secreto› to tell;

    es muy largo de cuento it's a long story;
    ¿qué cuentas (de nuevo)? (fam) how're things? (colloq)
    verbo intransitivo
    1 ( en general) to count;

    ¿este trabajo cuenta para la nota final? does this piece of work count toward(s) the final grade?;
    ella no cuenta para nada what she says (o thinks etc) doesn't count for anything
    2

    a) ‹persona/ayuda/discreción› to count on, rely on;

    ◊ cuento contigo para la fiesta I'm counting o relying on you being at the party;

    sin cuento con que … without taking into account that …


    c) (frml) ( tener) to have;


    contarse verbo pronominal
    a) (frml) ( estar incluido):


    su novela se cuenta entre las mejores his novel is among the best
    b)

    ◊ ¿qué te cuentas? how's it going? (colloq)

    cuento sustantivo masculino

    ( para niños) story, tale;

    cuento de hadas fairy story, fairy tale;
    venir a cuento: eso no viene a cuento that doesn't come into it;
    sin venir a cuento for no reason at all

    c) (fam) (mentira, excusa) story (colloq);

    ◊ no me vengas con cuentos I'm not interested in your excuses o stories

    d) (fam) ( exageración):


    eso es un cuento chino what a load of baloney;
    el cuento del tío a con trick
    contar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (un suceso, una historia) to tell
    2 (numerar) to count
    II verbo intransitivo to count
    ♦ Locuciones: contar con, (confiar en) to count on
    (constar de) to have
    cuento sustantivo masculino
    1 story
    2 Lit short story
    contar un cuento, to tell a story
    cuento de hadas, fairy tale
    3 (embuste) lie: ¡déjate de cuentos!, get on with it!
    4 (cotilleo, acusación) ya le fue con el cuento a la suegra, she ran off to tell the tale to her mother-in-law
    5 cuento chino, tall story
    ♦ Locuciones: figurado eso no viene a cuento, that's beside the point
    vivir del cuento, to live off other people
    ' cuento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    colorín
    - gratuitamente
    - historia
    - historieta
    - modular
    - moraleja
    - novela
    - si
    - tal
    - alargar
    - aquél
    - chabacano
    - chiste
    - colar
    - contar
    - inventar
    - relato
    - tragar
    - venir
    English:
    bank on
    - cock and bull story
    - expect
    - fairy story
    - fairy tale
    - horror story
    - lurid
    - moral
    - number
    - racy
    - relate
    - run
    - spin out
    - story
    - tale
    - tall story
    - tell
    - unfold
    - yarn
    - act
    - eye
    - fairy
    - old
    - short
    - tall
    - way
    - yet
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [narración] short story;
    [fábula] tale;
    un libro de cuentos a storybook;
    contar un cuento to tell a story;
    venir a cuento to be relevant;
    sin venir a cuento for no reason at all;
    y eso, ¿a cuento de qué? what's all this in aid of?;
    aplicarse el cuento: ¿ves lo que le ha pasado? pues aplícate el cuento see what happened to him? well, you just have a good think about that;
    Fam
    ir con el cuento a alguien to go and tell sb;
    Fam
    ser el cuento de nunca acabar to be a never-ending story o an endless business
    cuento de hadas fairy tale; Fam el cuento de la lechera:
    es el cuento de la lechera that's pie in the sky
    2. Fam [mentira, exageración] story, lie;
    ¡déjate de cuentos! stop making things up!, don't give me that!;
    ése tiene mucho cuento he's always putting it on;
    venir con cuentos to tell fibs o stories;
    CSur
    hacerle a alguien el cuento del tío to pull a scam on sb, to con sb;
    Esp
    tener más cuento que Calleja to be a big fibber;
    vivir del cuento to live by one's wits
    cuento chino:
    lo del final del mundo es cuento chino that stuff about the end of the world is a load of Br rubbish o US bull;
    a mí no me vengas con cuentos chinos don't give me that (US rubbish o US bull)
    * * *
    m
    1 (short) story;
    cuento de nunca acabar fig never-ending story;
    2 ( pretexto) excuse;
    tener mucho cuento put it on fam ;
    vivir del cuento fam live off other people
    3
    :
    venir a cuento be relevant;
    eso no viene a cuento that’s irrelevant;
    traer a cuento bring up
    * * *
    cuento nm
    1) : story, tale
    2)
    cuento de hadas : fairy tale
    3)
    sin cuento : countless
    * * *
    1. (en general) story [pl. stories] / tale
    2. (en literatura) short story

    Spanish-English dictionary > cuento

  • 5 boca

    f.
    1 mouth.
    boca arriba/abajo face up/down
    (respiración) boca a boca mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
    hacer el boca a boca a alguien to give somebody mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, to give somebody the kiss of life
    2 mouth (entrada) (de botella, túnel).
    boca del estómago pit of the stomach
    boca de incendios fire hydrant
    boca de riego hydrant
    3 muzzle, fauces, maw.
    4 hors d'oeuvre.
    5 os.
    * * *
    1 ANATOMÍA mouth
    2 (de río) mouth
    3 (abertura) entrance, opening
    \
    abrir boca to whet one's appetite
    hacer boca to whet one's appetite
    andar en boca de todos to be the talk of the town, be on everyone's lips
    arreglarse la boca to have one's teeth seen to
    boca abajo face downwards
    boca arriba face upwards
    callarse la boca to shut up, shut one's mouth
    correr de boca en boca to be the talk of the town, be common knowledge
    hacérsele la boca agua a alguien to make somebody's mouth water
    me lo has quitado de la boca you've taken the words right out of my mouth
    no abrir boca not to say a word
    no decir esta boca es mía not to say a word
    por la boca muere el pez silence is golden
    boca a boca kiss of life, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
    boca de incendios fire hydrant
    boca de riego hydrant
    boca del estómago pit of the stomach
    * * *
    noun f.
    - boca arriba
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) (Anat) mouth

    ¡cállate la boca! — * shut up! *, shut your mouth! **

    • boca abajo — face down

    • boca arriba — face up

    boca de mar — (Culin) crab stick

    2)

    • en boca de, suena extraño en boca de un socialista — it sounds odd coming from a socialist

    • por boca de — through

    3)
    - coserse la boca
    - dar boca

    de boca en boca —

    de boca para afuera —

    eso lo dice de boca para afuera — he's just saying that, that's what he says (but he doesn't mean it)

    irse la boca a algn —

    llenársele la boca a algn —

    - partir la boca a algn

    a pedir de boca —

    4) (=abertura, entrada) [de túnel, cueva, vasija] mouth; [de tonel] bunghole; [de puerto] entrance; [de arma] muzzle

    a boca de jarro —

    disparar a boca de jarro — to shoot point-blank, shoot at close range

    boca de metro — underground o (EEUU) subway entrance

    boca de mina — pithead, mine entrance

    boca de río — river mouth, estuary

    5) [de vino] flavour, flavor (EEUU)
    6) [de crustáceo] pincer
    7) [de herramienta] cutting edge
    8)

    boca de dragón — (Bot) snapdragon

    9) (Inform) slot
    10) pl bocas (=personas) mouths
    2. SM
    1)

    boca a boca, aplicar o hacer o practicar el boca a boca a algn — to give sb mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, give sb the kiss of life

    2) ** [de cárcel] screw **, warder
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat, Zool) mouth

    tener la boca seca/pastosa — to have a dry/furry mouth

    boca abajo/arriba — <dormir/echarse> on one's stomach/back

    en boca de: la pregunta que anda en boca de todos los niños the question which is on every child's lips; el escándalo andaba en boca de todos the scandal was common knowledge; por boca de: la organización ha dejado claro por boca de su secretario general... the organization has made it clear through its general secretary...; lo supe por boca de su hermana I heard it from his sister; abrir la boca to open one's mouth; mejor es que no abra la boca it's best if he keeps his mouth shut; andar/correr de boca en boca: la noticia ya corría de boca en boca the news was spreading like wildfire; a pedir de boca just fine; todo salió a pedir de boca everything turned out just fine; callar(se) la boca to shut up; en situaciones así más vale callarse la boca in situations like that it's best to keep your mouth shut; cerrarle or taparle la boca a alguien to keep somebody quiet, shut somebody up (colloq); hablar por boca de ganso to repeat other people's opinions (o ideas etc) parrot fashion; hacer or abrir boca (fam) to whet the o one's appetite; hacerle el boca a boca a alguien to give somebody the kiss of life; hacérsele la boca agua a alguien (Esp): se le hacía la boca agua mirando los pasteles looking at the cakes made her mouth water; llenársele la boca a alguien con algo (fam): se le llena la boca con su apellido she's always boasting about her surname; meterse en la boca del lobo to take one's life in one's hands; no decir esta boca es mía: no dijo esta boca es mía he didn't say a word; no tener qué llevarse a la boca: no tienen qué llevarse a la boca they haven't got a penny to their name, they don't have a red cent to their name (AmE); (oscuro) como boca de lobo pitch-black, pitch-dark; quedarse con la boca abierta to be dumbfounded o (colloq) flabbergasted; quitarle algo a alguien de la boca to take the words (right) out of somebody's mouth; ser pura boca (Chi fam) to be all talk; tener una boquita de piñón (fam) to have a little mouth; en boca cerrada no entran moscas if you keep your mouth shut, you won't put your foot in it (colloq); por la boca muere el pez talking too much can be dangerous; quien or el que tiene boca se equivoca — (fam) to err is human

    c) ( persona)
    d) (Vin) flavor*
    2) ( de buzón) slot; ( de túnel) mouth, entrance; ( de puerto) entrance; (de vasija, botella) rim
    •
    •• Cultural note:
    A neighborhood on the Riachuelo River in Buenos Aires, near the mouth of the River Plate. It was the city's first port, where Genoese immigrants settled in the early twentieth century. Its brightly painted wooden houses with corrugated iron roofs make it a major tourist destination
    * * *
    = mouth, gob, muzzle.
    Ex. He was drumming on his desk with exasperated fingers, his mouth quirked at the corners, as if saying: 'Wriggle out of that!'.
    Ex. I just smiled and told him to naff off cos short of punching him in the gob what can you do?.
    Ex. She looked up and saw the muzzle of a rifle pointed at her.
    ----
    * ¡punto en boca! = not a word to anyone!.
    * a boca de jarro = at close range.
    * abrir la boca = open + Posesivo + mouth.
    * andar de boca en boca = be the talk of the town.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * boca 7 dejar un sabor amargo en la boca = leave + a bitter aftertaste.
    * boca abajo = upside-down.
    * boca de alcantarilla = manhole.
    * boca de colector = manhole.
    * boca de incendios = fire hydrant.
    * boca del estómago, la = pit of the stomach, the.
    * boca de sumidero = manhole.
    * boca reseca = dry mouth.
    * cielo de la boca, el = roof of the mouth, the.
    * ¡cierra la boca! = shut your mouth!, shut your face!.
    * con el corazón en la boca = on tenterhooks.
    * de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.
    * decir con la boca llena = say in + full confidence.
    * dejar (un) buen sabor de boca = leave + a good taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * dejar un grato sabor de boca = leave + a good taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * dejar un mal sabor de boca = leave + a bad taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * de + Posesivo + propia boca = straight from the horse's mouth.
    * echar espuma por la boca = froth at + the mouth.
    * echar espumarajos por la boca = froth at + the mouth.
    * hablar con la boca llena = speak with + Posesivo + mouth full, talk with + Posesivo + mouth full.
    * hacerse la boca agua = make + Posesivo + mouth water.
    * hacer una mueca con la boca = twitch + Posesivo + mouth.
    * herpes de la boca = fever blister, cold sore.
    * mal sabor de boca = bad taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.
    * meterse en la boca del lobo = come into + the lion's den.
    * negro como boca de lobo = pitch-black.
    * oír de la boca de = hear + from the lips of.
    * oscuro como boca de lobo = pitch-black, pitch-dark.
    * para abrir boca = as a kind of + appetiser.
    * poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * por boca de = by word of mouth.
    * ¡punto en boca! = mum's the word!.
    * ¡punto en boca! = shut your mouth!, shut your face!.
    * que hace la boca agua = mouth-watering.
    * que se carga por la boca = muzzle-loading.
    * que se derrite en la boca = mellow [mellower -comp., mellowest -sup.].
    * respiración boca a boca = kiss of life.
    * saber de buena boca = have + it on good word.
    * salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.
    * salud de la boca = oral health.
    * úlcera de la boca = canker sore.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat, Zool) mouth

    tener la boca seca/pastosa — to have a dry/furry mouth

    boca abajo/arriba — <dormir/echarse> on one's stomach/back

    en boca de: la pregunta que anda en boca de todos los niños the question which is on every child's lips; el escándalo andaba en boca de todos the scandal was common knowledge; por boca de: la organización ha dejado claro por boca de su secretario general... the organization has made it clear through its general secretary...; lo supe por boca de su hermana I heard it from his sister; abrir la boca to open one's mouth; mejor es que no abra la boca it's best if he keeps his mouth shut; andar/correr de boca en boca: la noticia ya corría de boca en boca the news was spreading like wildfire; a pedir de boca just fine; todo salió a pedir de boca everything turned out just fine; callar(se) la boca to shut up; en situaciones así más vale callarse la boca in situations like that it's best to keep your mouth shut; cerrarle or taparle la boca a alguien to keep somebody quiet, shut somebody up (colloq); hablar por boca de ganso to repeat other people's opinions (o ideas etc) parrot fashion; hacer or abrir boca (fam) to whet the o one's appetite; hacerle el boca a boca a alguien to give somebody the kiss of life; hacérsele la boca agua a alguien (Esp): se le hacía la boca agua mirando los pasteles looking at the cakes made her mouth water; llenársele la boca a alguien con algo (fam): se le llena la boca con su apellido she's always boasting about her surname; meterse en la boca del lobo to take one's life in one's hands; no decir esta boca es mía: no dijo esta boca es mía he didn't say a word; no tener qué llevarse a la boca: no tienen qué llevarse a la boca they haven't got a penny to their name, they don't have a red cent to their name (AmE); (oscuro) como boca de lobo pitch-black, pitch-dark; quedarse con la boca abierta to be dumbfounded o (colloq) flabbergasted; quitarle algo a alguien de la boca to take the words (right) out of somebody's mouth; ser pura boca (Chi fam) to be all talk; tener una boquita de piñón (fam) to have a little mouth; en boca cerrada no entran moscas if you keep your mouth shut, you won't put your foot in it (colloq); por la boca muere el pez talking too much can be dangerous; quien or el que tiene boca se equivoca — (fam) to err is human

    c) ( persona)
    d) (Vin) flavor*
    2) ( de buzón) slot; ( de túnel) mouth, entrance; ( de puerto) entrance; (de vasija, botella) rim
    •
    •• Cultural note:
    A neighborhood on the Riachuelo River in Buenos Aires, near the mouth of the River Plate. It was the city's first port, where Genoese immigrants settled in the early twentieth century. Its brightly painted wooden houses with corrugated iron roofs make it a major tourist destination
    * * *
    = mouth, gob, muzzle.

    Ex: He was drumming on his desk with exasperated fingers, his mouth quirked at the corners, as if saying: 'Wriggle out of that!'.

    Ex: I just smiled and told him to naff off cos short of punching him in the gob what can you do?.
    Ex: She looked up and saw the muzzle of a rifle pointed at her.
    * ¡punto en boca! = not a word to anyone!.
    * a boca de jarro = at close range.
    * abrir la boca = open + Posesivo + mouth.
    * andar de boca en boca = be the talk of the town.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * boca 7 dejar un sabor amargo en la boca = leave + a bitter aftertaste.
    * boca abajo = upside-down.
    * boca de alcantarilla = manhole.
    * boca de colector = manhole.
    * boca de incendios = fire hydrant.
    * boca del estómago, la = pit of the stomach, the.
    * boca de sumidero = manhole.
    * boca reseca = dry mouth.
    * cielo de la boca, el = roof of the mouth, the.
    * ¡cierra la boca! = shut your mouth!, shut your face!.
    * con el corazón en la boca = on tenterhooks.
    * de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.
    * decir con la boca llena = say in + full confidence.
    * dejar (un) buen sabor de boca = leave + a good taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * dejar un grato sabor de boca = leave + a good taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * dejar un mal sabor de boca = leave + a bad taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * de + Posesivo + propia boca = straight from the horse's mouth.
    * echar espuma por la boca = froth at + the mouth.
    * echar espumarajos por la boca = froth at + the mouth.
    * hablar con la boca llena = speak with + Posesivo + mouth full, talk with + Posesivo + mouth full.
    * hacerse la boca agua = make + Posesivo + mouth water.
    * hacer una mueca con la boca = twitch + Posesivo + mouth.
    * herpes de la boca = fever blister, cold sore.
    * mal sabor de boca = bad taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.
    * meterse en la boca del lobo = come into + the lion's den.
    * negro como boca de lobo = pitch-black.
    * oír de la boca de = hear + from the lips of.
    * oscuro como boca de lobo = pitch-black, pitch-dark.
    * para abrir boca = as a kind of + appetiser.
    * poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * por boca de = by word of mouth.
    * ¡punto en boca! = mum's the word!.
    * ¡punto en boca! = shut your mouth!, shut your face!.
    * que hace la boca agua = mouth-watering.
    * que se carga por la boca = muzzle-loading.
    * que se derrite en la boca = mellow [mellower -comp., mellowest -sup.].
    * respiración boca a boca = kiss of life.
    * saber de buena boca = have + it on good word.
    * salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.
    * salud de la boca = oral health.
    * úlcera de la boca = canker sore.

    * * *
    A
    no te metas eso en la boca don't put that in your mouth
    tener la boca seca/pastosa to have a dry/furry mouth
    te huele la boca a ajo your breath smells of garlic
    tengo que ir a arreglarme la boca I have to go and get my teeth seen to o fixed
    no hables con la boca llena don't speak with your mouth full
    como no te calles te voy a partir la boca if you don't shut up I'll smash your face in ( colloq)
    pide por esa boca ( fam); just ask o all you have to do is ask
    ¡esa boca …! language …!
    blando/duro de boca ( Equ) soft/hard mouthed
    2 ( en locs):
    boca abajo/arriba: échate boca abajo lie on your stomach o front
    duerme boca arriba he sleeps on his back
    puso los naipes boca arriba she laid the cards face up
    lo supimos de boca de las mismas personas implicadas we heard it from the horse's mouth
    uno no espera oír palabras así de boca de un cura you don't expect to hear such words from the mouth of o from a priest
    en boca de: términos de la psicología que están en boca de todo el mundo psychology terms which are part of everyday speech
    la pregunta que anda en boca de todos los niños the question which is on every child's lips
    se enteró cuando ya el escándalo andaba en boca de todos by the time he heard about the scandal it was already common knowledge, everybody was talking about the scandal by the time he found out about it
    por boca de: la organización ha dejado claro, por boca de su secretario general … the organization has made it clear, through the general secretary …
    lo supe por boca de su hermana I heard it from his sister
    abrir la boca to open one's mouth
    abra más la boca, por favor open (your mouth) wider please
    mejor es que no abra la boca it's best if he keeps his mouth shut
    no abrió la boca en toda la noche he didn't open his mouth all evening
    andar/correr de boca en boca: la noticia ya corría de boca en boca the news was by now common knowledge
    desde que se enrolló con él anda de boca en boca since she got involved with him she's set a lot of tongues wagging
    su nombre anda de boca en boca her name is on everybody's lips
    a pedir de boca just fine
    todo saldrá a pedir de boca everything will turn out just the way you want it to o just fine
    callar(se) la boca to shut up
    ¡cállate la boca! shut up! ( colloq), shut your face o trap! (sl)
    en situaciones así más vale callarse la boca in situations like that it's best to keep your mouth shut
    cerrarle or taparle la boca a algn to keep sb quiet, shut sb up ( colloq)
    con la boca chica or pequeña: lo dijo con la boca chica he didn't mean it o he said it insincerely o he said it without meaning it
    coserse la boca: yo te lo digo pero te coses la boca I'll tell you but you have to keep quiet about it o ( colloq) keep it under your hat
    de (la) boca para afuera: nos apoya de (la) boca para afuera he supports us in name only, he says he supports us
    es radical sólo de (la) boca para afuera he pays lip service to radicalism
    hablar por boca de ganso to repeat other people's opinions ( o ideas etc) parrot fashion
    hacer or abrir boca ( fam); to whet the o one's appetite
    hacérsele la boca agua a algn or ( AmL) hacérsele agua la boca a algn: se le hacía la boca agua mirando los pasteles looking at the cakes made her mouth water
    meterse en la boca del lobo to take one's life in one's hands, put one's head in the lion's mouth
    no decir esta boca es mía: no dijo esta boca es mía he didn't say a word o open his mouth
    no tener qué llevarse a la boca: no tienen qué llevarse a la boca they haven't got a penny to their name, they don't have a red cent to their name ( AmE), they haven't got two brass farthings to rub together ( BrE)
    (oscuro) como boca de lobo pitch-black, pitch-dark
    parar la boca ( fam); to cut the cackle ( colloq)
    quedarse con la boca abierta to be dumbfounded o ( colloq) flabbergasted
    quitarle algo a algn de la boca to take the words (right) out of sb's mouth
    quitarse algo de la boca: se lo quita todo de la boca para que sus hijos estudien he goes o does without in order to pay for his children's education
    ser pura boca ( Chi fam): eso de sus viajes es pura boca all that stuff about his travels is all talk o is just a lot of hot air
    tener algo/a algn siempre en la boca to go on o harp on about sth/sb ( colloq)
    tener una boquita de piñón ( fam); to have a little mouth
    en boca cerrada no entran moscas if you keep your mouth shut, you won't put your foot in it ( colloq)
    por la boca muere el pez talking too much can be dangerous
    3
    (persona): muchas bocas comen de ese trabajo that work provides a living for a lot of people
    tiene muchas bocas que alimentar she has a lot of mouths to feed
    4 ( Vin) taste
    B
    2 (de un túnel) mouth, entrance
    3 (de un puerto) entrance
    4 (de una vasija, botella) rim
    Compuestos:
    ● boca de dragón or (Ur) sapo
    snapdragon
    ( RPl frml) sales outlet
    la falta de nafta se presentó en muchas bocas de expendio there was a shortage of gasoline ( AmE) o ( BrE) petrol at many filling stations
    fire hydrant, fireplug ( AmE)
    ( fam); pit of the stomach
    ● boca de metro or ( RPl) subte
    subway entrance ( AmE), underground o tube station entrance ( BrE)
    hydrant
    ( RPl fam): no seas boca sucia don't be so foulmouthed
    * * *

     

    boca sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (Anat, Zool) mouth

    b) ( en locs)

    ◊ boca abajo/arriba ‹dormir/echarse› on one's stomach/back;

    puso los naipes boca arriba she laid the cards face up;
    en boca de: la pregunta que anda en boca de todos los niños the question which is on every child's lips;
    el escándalo andaba en boca de todos the scandal was common knowledge;
    por boca de from;
    lo supe por boca de su hermana I heard it from his sister;
    a pedir de boca just fine;
    hacerle el boca a boca a algn to give sb the kiss of life;
    hacérsele la boca agua a algn (Esp): se le hacía la boca agua mirando los pasteles looking at the cakes made her mouth water;
    quedarse con la boca abierta to be dumbfounded o (colloq) flabbergasted
    2 ( de buzón) slot;
    ( de túnel) mouth, entrance;
    ( de puerto) entrance;
    (de vasija, botella) rim;

    boca del estómago (fam) pit of the stomach;
    boca de metro or (RPl) subte subway entrance (AmE), underground o tube station entrance (BrE)
    boca sustantivo femenino
    1 mouth
    2 (entrada) entrance
    boca de metro, entrance to the tube o underground station
    boca de riego, hydrant
    el boca a boca, kiss of life o mouth-to-mouth respiration
    ♦ Locuciones: figurado andar de boca en boca, to be the talk of the town
    familiar ¡cierra la boca!, shut up!
    familiar hacerse la boca agua: cuando ve un bombón se le hace la boca agua, his mouth waters every time he sees a chocolate
    írsele la fuerza por la boca, to be all talk (and no action)
    familiar meterse en la boca del lobo, to put one's head in the lion's mouth
    figurado salir a pedir de boca, to turn out perfectly
    boca abajo, face down(ward)
    boca arriba, face up(ward)
    con la boca abierta, open-mouthed: nos dejó a todos con la boca abierta, she left us flabbergasted
    ' boca' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    amordazar
    - callar
    - chiflar
    - cielo
    - decir
    - difusor
    - difusora
    - enjuagarse
    - frenética
    - frenético
    - fruncir
    - llaga
    - loba
    - lobo
    - negra
    - negro
    - palabra
    - pastosa
    - pastoso
    - pedir
    - pico
    - reseca
    - reseco
    - respiración
    - revés
    - sabor
    - tararear
    - tener
    - abierto
    - acostar
    - agua
    - arreglar
    - calentura
    - cerrado
    - cerrar
    - comer
    - enchuecar
    - enjuagar
    - entreabierto
    - herpes
    - ir
    - jeta
    - limpiar
    - llenar
    - mordaza
    - morro
    - seco
    - sensual
    - sensualidad
    - silbido
    English:
    abscess
    - better
    - black
    - cut
    - dislodge
    - face
    - fire hydrant
    - froth
    - gob
    - hydrant
    - kiss
    - mouth
    - muzzle
    - open
    - parched
    - pit
    - pitch-black
    - pitch-dark
    - prone
    - puff
    - rinse
    - roof
    - spout
    - stomach
    - tongue
    - upward
    - upwards
    - wash out
    - water
    - wide
    - word
    - word-of-mouth
    - belch
    - do
    - down
    - drool
    - foam
    - hum
    - man
    - mum
    - nozzle
    - pipe
    - purse
    - put
    - roll
    - sewer
    - spoon
    - take
    - ulcer
    - up
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [de persona, animal] mouth;
    una boca más para alimentar one more mouth to feed;
    me he arreglado la boca por muy poco dinero I had my teeth seen to for a very reasonable price;
    te huele la boca a tabaco your breath smells of tobacco;
    boca abajo face down;
    no es aconsejable poner a los bebés boca abajo it's best not to lie babies on their front;
    boca arriba face up;
    ronca más cuando duerme boca arriba he snores more when he sleeps on his back;
    poner las cartas boca arriba to turn one's cards face up;
    este paseo me ha abierto boca this walk has whetted my appetite;
    Fig
    no abrió la boca he didn't open his mouth, he didn't say a word;
    será mejor que no abras la boca it would be best if you didn't say anything;
    si te hace falta algo, pide por esa boca if you need anything, just say so o ask;
    andar o [m5] correr o [m5] ir de boca en boca to be on everyone's lips;
    andar o [m5] estar en boca de todos to be on everyone's lips;
    buscar la boca a alguien to draw sb out;
    Fam
    ¡cállate o [m5] cierra la boca! shut up!;
    siempre que hay problemas calla la boca whenever there are problems, he keeps very quiet;
    apareció en público para cerrar la boca a quienes lo daban por muerto he appeared in public in order to silence everyone who thought he was dead;
    de boca: de boca promete mucho, pero luego no hace nada he's all talk, he makes a lot of promises, but then he never keeps them;
    es muy valiente, pero de boca he's all mouth;
    de boca de: sorprendió escuchar insultos de boca de un obispo it was surprising to hear insults from the lips of a bishop;
    lo escuchamos de boca de los protagonistas we heard it (straight) from the horse's mouth;
    Fam
    lo dice con la boca chica he doesn't really mean it;
    hablar por boca de ganso to repeat what one has heard;
    hacer boca: dimos un paseo para hacer boca we went for a walk to work up an appetite;
    se me hace la boca agua, Am [m5] se me hace agua la boca it makes my mouth water;
    cuando paso delante de una pastelería, se me hace la boca agua whenever I go past a cake shop, my mouth starts to water;
    irse de la boca to let the cat out of the bag;
    se fue de la boca he let the cat out of the bag;
    lo han detenido porque su cómplice se ha ido de la boca he has been arrested because his accomplice gave him away;
    meterse en la boca del lobo to put one's head into the lion's mouth;
    no decir esta boca es mía not to open one's mouth;
    no tienen nada que llevarse a la boca they don't have a crust to eat;
    Fam
    partir la boca a alguien to smash sb's face in;
    salir/ir a pedir de boca to turn out/to go perfectly;
    poner algo en boca de alguien to attribute sth to sb;
    por boca de: [m5]el gobierno, por boca de su portavoz… the government, through its spokesperson…;
    quedarse con la boca abierta to be left speechless;
    me lo has quitado de la boca you took the words right out of my mouth;
    tapar la boca a alguien to silence sb;
    su nombre no me viene ahora a la boca I can't think of her name right now;
    siempre dice lo primero que le viene a la boca he always says the first thing that comes into his head;
    por la boca muere el pez silence is golden;
    quien tiene boca se equivoca to err is human, everybody makes mistakes
    2. [entrada] opening;
    [de botella, túnel] mouth; [de buzón] slot; [de cañón] muzzle; [de escenario] stage door; [de puerto] entrance;
    las bocas del Danubio the mouth of the Danube;
    Fam
    a boca de jarro point-blank
    boca del estómago pit of the stomach; RP boca de expendio outlet;
    boca de fuego firearm;
    boca de gol goalmouth;
    boca de metro Br tube o underground entrance, US subway entrance;
    boca de riego hydrant;
    RP boca de subte Br tube o underground entrance, US subway entrance; RP boca de tormenta drain
    3. Zool [pinza] pincer
    4. [filo] cutting edge
    5. [del vino] flavour
    6. Bot boca de dragón snapdragon
    7. CAm [aperitivo] snack
    ♦ nm
    boca a boca mouth-to-mouth resuscitation;
    hacer el boca a boca a alguien to give sb mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, to give sb the kiss of life
    * * *
    f
    1 mouth;
    boca a boca mouth to mouth;
    hacer el boca a boca a alguien MED give s.o. mouth-to-mouth resuscitation;
    boca abajo upside down; persona, cartas, libro face down;
    boca arriba right way up; persona, cartas, libro face up;
    dejar con la boca abierta leave open-mouthed;
    quedarse con la boca abierta be dumbfounded, be open-mouthed with astonishment;
    se me hace la boca agua my mouth is watering;
    hacer boca whet one’s appetite;
    a pedir de boca perfectly;
    ir o
    correr de boca en boca circulate, go around;
    callar la boca shut up;
    estar en boca de todos be on everybody’s lips;
    de otro fam parrot someone else’s views;
    meterse en la boca del lobo put one’s head in the lion’s mouth;
    taparle la boca a alguien fig keep s.o. quiet, fam
    shut s.o. up;
    con la boca chica without much conviction;
    partirle la boca a alguien pop smash s.o.’s face in fam ;
    poner algo en boca de alguien attribute sth to s.o.;
    quitarle a alguien la palabra de la boca take the words right out of s.o.’s mouth;
    llenarse la boca (hablando) de fig talk of nothing but;
    do without sth, deny o.s. sth
    2 ZO crab claw
    * * *
    boca nf
    1) : mouth
    2)
    boca arriba : face up, on one's back
    3)
    boca abajo : face down, prone
    4)
    boca de riego : hydrant
    5)
    en boca de : according to
    * * *
    boca n
    1. (de persona, animal) mouth
    2. (entrada) entrance
    cuando pienso en la comida, se me hace la boca agua when I think about food, it makes my mouth water

    Spanish-English dictionary > boca

  • 6 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

  • 7 Philosophy

       And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)
       Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)
       As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)
       It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)
       Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)
       I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)
       What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.
       This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).
       The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....
       Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)
       8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science
       In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)
       Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....
       Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)
       In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy

  • 8 engañoso

    adj.
    1 deceitful, deceiving, deceptive, liar.
    2 delusive, misleading, illusive, delusional.
    * * *
    1 (gen) deceptive
    2 (palabras) deceitful; (consejo) misleading
    * * *
    (f. - engañosa)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ (=persona) deceitful, dishonest; (=apariencia) deceptive; (=consejo) misleading
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo < palabras> deceitful; < apariencias> deceptive
    * * *
    = deceptive, fallacious, deceitful, devious, sneaky [sneakier -comp., sneakiest -sup.], specious, duplicitous, distortive.
    Ex. Rehyping old stuff as if it were new is not only annoyingly deceptive but doesn't sell any books to suspicious customers.
    Ex. On the basis of current knowledge it seems fallacious to describe people's consumer behavior as having clear-cut objectives.
    Ex. Again, on the matter of the sources already consulted by the enquirer, the implication is not that he is unreliable or deceitful, but that in looking up the Encyclopedia Americana he may not be aware of the existence of the index.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'The devious, the distraught and the deranged: designing and applying personal safety into library protection'.
    Ex. The article carries the title 'Holdouts and other sneaky vendor tactics: no one profits when providers keep searchers from finding information'.
    Ex. This comparative frame of reference is specious and irrelevant on several counts.
    Ex. This remake of William Castle's action adventure adds a genuinely supernatural plot to the old story of the duplicitous wife scheming to kill her husband but being one-upped by his even more ingenious counterplots.
    Ex. Its distortive influence on feminist research has so far remained undiscussed.
    ----
    * de apariencia engañosa = misleading.
    * naturaleza engañosa = deceptiveness.
    * palabra engañosa = weasel word.
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo < palabras> deceitful; < apariencias> deceptive
    * * *
    = deceptive, fallacious, deceitful, devious, sneaky [sneakier -comp., sneakiest -sup.], specious, duplicitous, distortive.

    Ex: Rehyping old stuff as if it were new is not only annoyingly deceptive but doesn't sell any books to suspicious customers.

    Ex: On the basis of current knowledge it seems fallacious to describe people's consumer behavior as having clear-cut objectives.
    Ex: Again, on the matter of the sources already consulted by the enquirer, the implication is not that he is unreliable or deceitful, but that in looking up the Encyclopedia Americana he may not be aware of the existence of the index.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'The devious, the distraught and the deranged: designing and applying personal safety into library protection'.
    Ex: The article carries the title 'Holdouts and other sneaky vendor tactics: no one profits when providers keep searchers from finding information'.
    Ex: This comparative frame of reference is specious and irrelevant on several counts.
    Ex: This remake of William Castle's action adventure adds a genuinely supernatural plot to the old story of the duplicitous wife scheming to kill her husband but being one-upped by his even more ingenious counterplots.
    Ex: Its distortive influence on feminist research has so far remained undiscussed.
    * de apariencia engañosa = misleading.
    * naturaleza engañosa = deceptiveness.
    * palabra engañosa = weasel word.

    * * *
    ‹palabras› deceitful; ‹apariencias› deceptive
    * * *

    engañoso
    ◊ -sa adjetivo ‹ palabras› deceitful;


    ‹ apariencias› deceptive
    engañoso,-a adj (mentiroso, falaz) deceitful
    (apariencia) deceptive
    ' engañoso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    amagar
    - engañosa
    - falaz
    English:
    deceptive
    - misleading
    - deceitful
    * * *
    engañoso, -a adj
    1. [aspecto, apariencia, impresión] deceptive
    2. [persona, palabras] deceitful
    * * *
    adj persona, palabras deceitful; apariencias deceptive
    * * *
    engañoso, -sa adj
    1) : deceitful
    2) : misleading, deceptive
    * * *
    engañoso adj deceptive

    Spanish-English dictionary > engañoso

  • 9 portare

    ( trasportare) carry
    ( accompagnare) take
    ( avere adosso) wear
    ( condurre) lead
    portare via take away
    mi ha portato un regalo he brought me a present
    portale un regalo take her a present
    essere portato per qualcosa/per fare qualcosa have a gift for something/for doing something
    portare fortuna be lucky
    porta bene i propri anni he doesn't look his age
    * * *
    portare v.tr.
    1 (verso chi parla, ascolta) to bring*; ( andare a prendere) to fetch: portami un bicchier d'acqua, bring me a glass of water; portami i libri che ho lasciato sul tavolo, fetch me the books I left on the table; questo vento porterà pioggia, this wind will bring rain; spero mi porterai buone notizie, I hope you'll bring me good news; ti porto una tazza di tè?, shall I bring you a cup of tea?; portare dentro, fuori, su, giù, to bring in, out, up, down // devo portare in tavola?, shall I serve the dinner?
    2 ( lontano da chi parla; accompagnare) to take*: mi porti al cinema questa sera?, will you take me to the pictures tonight?; porta questa lettera a mio fratello, alla posta, take this letter to my brother, to the post; porta questo vassoio in camera sua, take this tray to his room; il suo cappello fu portato via dal vento, his hat blew off; ti porterò a casa in automobile, I'll drive you home; ti porterò a passeggio, I'll take you for a walk; portare dentro, fuori, su, giù, to take in, out, up, down // portare via, ( togliere) to take away; ( rubare) to steal; ( far morire) to carry off: mi fai il piacere di portare via la tua roba?, will you please take your stuff away?; in autobus mi hanno portato via il portafoglio, they stole my wallet on the bus; una polmonite l'ha portato via in pochi giorni, he was carried off by pneumonia within a few days; è un lavoro che porta via molto tempo, it's a job that takes a long time // che il diavolo ti porti!, go to the devil!
    3 ( portare con fatica, sostenere; portare d'abitudine) to carry: porta di sopra questo baule, carry this trunk upstairs; non porto mai l'ombrello, I never carry an umbrella; i poliziotti in Inghilterra non portano armi, the police in Britain don't carry guns; porta sempre molto denaro contante con sé, he always carries a lot of cash on him; portare qlcu. in trionfo, to carry s.o. in triumph; portare una valigia sulle spalle, to carry a suitcase on one's shoulders // ognuno ha la propria croce da portare, everyone has his own cross to bear; portare qlcu. in palmo di mano, to hold s.o. in great esteem (o to have a high opinion of s.o.) // quell'uomo porta bene i suoi anni, that man doesn't look his age // portare vasi a Samo, acqua al mare, to carry coals to Newcastle
    4 portare avanti, to maintain, to carry out: ha sempre portato avanti una linea politica coraggiosa, he always carried out (o maintained) a courageous policy; portò avanti per tutta la vita un discorso di culturizzazione delle masse, throughout his life he carried out the task of promoting mass education; ha sempre portato avanti le sue battaglie in prima persona, he has always fought his own battles; (dir.) portare avanti un'azione legale, to maintain a legal action; portare fra le braccia qlcu., to carry s.o. in one's arms
    5 ( portare con sé) to bring*, to take*: hai portato il costume da bagno?, did you bring your bathing costume?; porta con te un po' di dollari, take some dollars with you; porta con te tuo fratello, take your brother with you
    6 ( condurre) to lead*: questa strada porta all'albergo, this road leads to the hotel; il benessere sociale portò a questa situazione, social affluence led to this situation // portare un piano a compimento, to carry out a plan // portare qlcu. a conoscenza di qlco., to bring sthg. to s.o.'s knowledge // tutte le strade portano a Roma, (prov.) all roads lead to Rome
    7 ( indurre) to induce: tutto porta a credere alla sua innocenza, everything induces (o leads) one to believe in his innocence // portare qlcu. alla disperazione, to drive s.o. to despair
    8 ( guidare, condurre) to drive*; to pilot: non sa portare l'auto, he can't drive (a car); portare la nave in porto, to pilot the ship into port
    9 ( indossare, avere) to wear*, to have on, to be dressed in (sthg.): portava un paio di scarpe bianche, she was wearing a pair of white shoes; portare i capelli lunghi, corti, to wear one's hair long, short (o to have long, short hair); portare un fiore all'occhiello, to wear a flower in one's button hole; portare occhiali, gioielli, to wear glasses, jewels; portare un soprabito, un cappello, to wear an overcoat, a hat; portare il lutto, to wear mourning
    10 ( nutrire) to nourish, to bear*: portare odio, to nourish feelings of hatred; portare rancore verso qlcu., to bear s.o. a grudge; portare speranze, to nourish hopes // portare rispetto a qlcu., to have respect for s.o.
    11 ( causare) to cause, to bring forth: questo cattivo tempo porterà molte malattie, this bad weather will cause a lot of illness; la sua assenza mi ha portato molto danno, his absence has done me a lot of harm; portare fortuna, to bring luck
    12 ( produrre) to bear*, to bring* forth, to yield, to produce: il melo non porterà nessun frutto quest'anno, the apple tree will not bear any fruit this year
    13 ( avere) to bear*, to have*: questa lettera porta una data sbagliata, this letter is wrongly dated; questo documento porta una firma falsa, this document bears a false signature; il suo libro porta uno strano titolo, his book has a strange title
    14 ( sopportare) to bear*, to endure: porta la sua pena con molto coraggio, he bears his pain very bravely
    15 ( addurre) to bring forward, to put forward: portare prove, buone ragioni, un esempio, to bring (o to put) forward proofs, good reasons, an example; portò delle scuse ridicole, he made some absurd excuses
    16 (mat.) ( riportare) to carry: scrivo 5 e porto 3, I put down 5 and carry 3
    17 (di cannone ecc.) ( aver una portata di) to have a range of (sthg.)
    18 ( sostenere, appoggiare) to support.
    ◘ portarsi v.rifl. o intr.pron.
    1 ( spostarsi) to move: dovresti portarti a destra, you should move to the right
    2 ( andare) to go*; ( venire) to come*: cercherò di portarmi a Roma al più presto, I'll try to come, to go to Rome as soon as possible; dovresti portarti in città verso mezzogiorno, you should be in town around noon
    3 ( comportarsi) to behave*: portare bene, male, to behave well, badly
    4 ( stare di salute): portare bene, male, to be in good, bad health (for one's age).
    * * *
    [por'tare]
    1. vt
    1) (sostenere, sorreggere: peso, bambino, pacco) to carry

    portare via — to take away, (rubare) to take

    porta bene i suoi anni — he's wearing well, he doesn't look his age

    2)

    (consegnare, recare) portare qc (a qn) — to take (o bring) sth (to sb)

    porta il libro in cucina! — (vicino a chi parla) bring the book into the kitchen!, (lontano da chi parla) take the book into the kitchen!

    posso portarli a casa? — can I bring (o take) them home?

    portare qc alla bocca — to lift o put sth to one's lips

    portare fortuna/sfortuna a qn — to bring (good) luck/bad luck to sb

    3) (condurre) to take, (sogg : strada) to take, lead

    (fig : indurre) portare qn a (fare) qc — to lead sb to (do) sth

    dove porta questa strada? — where does this road lead?, where does this road take you?

    4) (indossare: scarpe, vestito, occhiali) to wear, have on

    porta i capelli lunghi — he wears his hair long, he has long hair

    5) (avere: nome, titolo, firma) to have, bear, (fig : sentimenti) to bear
    2. vip (portarsi)
    (recarsi) to go
    * * *
    [por'tare] 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (verso chi parla) to bring*; (andare a prendere) to fetch

    portare qcs. a qcn. — to take sb. sth., to take sth. to sb.

    3) (trasportare) to carry

    portare qcs. sulle spalle — to carry sth. on one's back

    essere portato dal vento — to be blown along by the wind, to be borne on the wind

    4) (prendere con sé) to take*, to bring* [ oggetto]
    5) (accompagnare) to take*; (condurre con sé) to bring* [amico, cane]

    portare qcn. a scuola, all'ospedale — to take sb. to school, to the hospital

    portare qcn. a ballare — to take sb. dancing

    6) (condurre) to bring*, to lead* (anche fig.)

    questa discussione non ci sta portando da nessuna parte — fig. this discussion is leading o getting us nowhere

    portare qcn. alla follia, alla disperazione — fig. to drive sb. to madness, despair

    portare danno — to cause o do harm

    portare fortuna, sfortuna a qcn. — to bring sb. good, bad luck

    porta bene, male fare — it's good, bad luck to do

    tutto porta a credere che — there is every indication that, all the indications are that

    9) (avere) to wear* [barba, capelli]
    10) (indossare) to wear*, to have* on [ vestito]; to wear* [gioiello, occhiali, lenti a contatto]; to take* [ taglia]
    11) (avere) to bear*, to have* [nome, titolo]

    ne porta ancora i segni — fig. he still bears the scars

    12) (reggere, sostenere) [colonna, struttura] to bear*, to hold*, to support [tetto, peso]; [persona, animale] to bear* [ peso]
    13) (nutrire un sentimento) to bear*, to nourish [amore, rancore]

    portare rispetto a qcn. — to have respect for sb.

    14) (addurre) to adduce, to put* forward [ragione, motivazioni]; to bring* forward, to produce [ prove]
    15) (comunicare, riferire)
    16) mat. colloq.

    scrivo 3, porto 2 — I put down 3 and carry 2

    17) portare via (prendere con sé) to take* away, to carry away

    "due hamburger da portare via" — "two hamburgers to take away BE o to go AE "; (rubare) to steal*, to take*; (trasportare) [ acqua] to bear* away, to carry away [persona, barca]; [ vento] to blow* off, to blow* away [ cappello]; (richiedere) to take* (up) [ tempo]

    18) portare avanti (proseguire) to follow through, to pursue [idea, teoria]; to carry out [campagna, indagine]; (mettere avanti) to put* forward, to put* on [ orologio]
    19) portare indietro to take* back, to return [ merce]; (mettere indietro) to put* back, to turn back [ orologio]
    20) portare su to carry up; (al piano di sopra) to take* upstairs; (far aumentare) to force up [ prezzi]
    21) portare giù, sotto to bring* down; (al piano di sotto) to take* downstairs
    22) portare dentro to bring* inside, to fetch in
    23) portare fuori to carry out, to fetch out

    portare fuori il cane — to take the dog for a walk, to walk the dog

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)
    1) (condurre) to lead*
    2) arm.
    3.
    verbo pronominale portarsi
    1) (andare) to go*; (venire) to come*; (spostarsi) to move
    2) (con sé) to bring* along
    3) portarsi dietro to bring* along
    * * *
    portare
    /por'tare/ [1]
    Tra i verbi inglesi che traducono l'italiano portare, to bring e to take sottolineano il movimento e la direzione verso cui si porta qualcosa: to bring implica l'idea di venire verso chi parla o ascolta, to take l'idea di allontanarsi da chi parla o ascolta (cameriere, mi porti il conto per favore! = waiter, bring me the bill, please!; prenditi l'ombrello! = take your umbrella with you!). Il verbo to carry, invece, non implica alcuna direzione ma piuttosto l'idea di trasportare qualcosa, o portare qualcosa con sé: mi porti tu questi libri, per favore? = will you carry these books for me, please? non porto mai molti soldi con me = I never carry much money with me. Tra gli equivalenti più specifici di portare, tutti elencati nella voce qui sotto, si noti in particolare to wear, cioè indossare.
     1 (verso chi parla) to bring*; (andare a prendere) to fetch; portami quella sedia bring me that chair; ci ha portato dei regali dal suo viaggio he brought us back presents from his trip; portami qualcosa da bere get me something to drink; te ne porto un altro I'll fetch you another one
     2 (lontano da chi parla) to take*; portare qcs. a qcn. to take sb. sth., to take sth. to sb.; portare delle sedie in giardino to take chairs into the garden; portare la macchina dal meccanico to take the car to the garage
     3 (trasportare) to carry; portare una valigia to carry a suitcase; portare qcs. sulle spalle to carry sth. on one's back; portare in braccio un bambino to hold a baby in one's arms; essere portato dal vento to be blown along by the wind, to be borne on the wind
     4 (prendere con sé) to take*, to bring* [ oggetto]; non dimenticare di portare un ombrello don't forget to take an umbrella
     5 (accompagnare) to take*; (condurre con sé) to bring* [amico, cane]; portare qcn. a scuola, all'ospedale to take sb. to school, to the hospital; ti porto a casa I'll take you home; portare qcn. a ballare to take sb. dancing
     6 (condurre) to bring*, to lead* (anche fig.); un autobus ti porterà in albergo a bus will take you to the hotel; cosa ti ha portato qui? what brought you here? questa discussione non ci sta portando da nessuna parte fig. this discussion is leading o getting us nowhere; portare qcn. alla follia, alla disperazione fig. to drive sb. to madness, despair
     7 (causare) portare danno to cause o do harm; portare fortuna, sfortuna a qcn. to bring sb. good, bad luck; porta bene, male fare it's good, bad luck to do; portare frutti to bear fruit
     8 (indurre) tutto porta a credere che there is every indication that, all the indications are that; questo ci porta alla conclusione che this leads us to the conclusion that
     9 (avere) to wear* [barba, capelli]; porta i capelli lunghi she wears her hair long
     10 ⇒ 35 (indossare) to wear*, to have* on [ vestito]; to wear* [gioiello, occhiali, lenti a contatto]; to take* [ taglia]; che numero porti di scarpe? what size shoes do you take? porto il 40 di scarpe I take size 40 shoes
     11 (avere) to bear*, to have* [nome, titolo]; porto il nome di mia nonna I'm named after my grandmother; portare i segni di to bear the marks o signs of; ne porta ancora i segni fig. he still bears the scars
     12 (reggere, sostenere) [colonna, struttura] to bear*, to hold*, to support [tetto, peso]; [persona, animale] to bear* [ peso]
     13 (nutrire un sentimento) to bear*, to nourish [amore, rancore]; portare rispetto a qcn. to have respect for sb.; porta pazienza! be patient! have some patience!
     14 (addurre) to adduce, to put* forward [ragione, motivazioni]; to bring* forward, to produce [ prove]
     15 (comunicare, riferire) porta loro i miei saluti send them my regards
     16 mat. colloq. scrivo 3, porto 2 I put down 3 and carry 2
     17 portare via (prendere con sé) to take* away, to carry away; portare via la spazzatura to clear away the rubbish; "due hamburger da portare via" "two hamburgers to take away BE o to go AE "; (rubare) to steal*, to take*; (trasportare) [ acqua] to bear* away, to carry away [persona, barca]; [ vento] to blow* off, to blow* away [ cappello]; (richiedere) to take* (up) [ tempo]
     18 portare avanti (proseguire) to follow through, to pursue [idea, teoria]; to carry out [campagna, indagine]; (mettere avanti) to put* forward, to put* on [ orologio]
     19 portare indietro to take* back, to return [ merce]; (mettere indietro) to put* back, to turn back [ orologio]
     20 portare su to carry up; (al piano di sopra) to take* upstairs; (far aumentare) to force up [ prezzi]
     21 portare giù, sotto to bring* down; (al piano di sotto) to take* downstairs
     22 portare dentro to bring* inside, to fetch in
     23 portare fuori to carry out, to fetch out; portare fuori il cane to take the dog for a walk, to walk the dog; portare fuori l'immondizia to put the garbage out
     (aus. avere)
     1 (condurre) to lead*; questa strada porta alla chiesa this road leads to the church
     2 arm. un cannone che porta a 2500 metri a cannon with a range of 2500 metres
    III portarsi verbo pronominale
     1 (andare) to go*; (venire) to come*; (spostarsi) to move; - rsi in testa alla classifica to get to first place
     2 (con sé) to bring* along; - rsi il lavoro a casa to take one's work home
     3 portarsi dietro to bring* along; un'abitudine che ci si porta dietro dall'infanzia a habit that is carried over from childhood
     4 portarsi avanti (progredire) mi sono portata avanti nel lavoro I've got well ahead with my work.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > portare

  • 10 experto

    adj.
    expert, crafty, deft, masterful.
    m.
    1 expert, old hand, ace, adept.
    2 expert witness.
    * * *
    1 expert
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 expert
    * * *
    (f. - experta)
    noun adj.
    * * *
    experto, -a
    1.
    ADJ expert
    2.
    SM / F expert

    se dejó asesorar por un experto — he sought the advice of an expert, he sought expert advice

    experto/a contable — auditor, chartered accountant

    experto/a tributario/a — tax expert

    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo

    experto en + inf — very good at -ing

    II
    - ta masculino, femenino expert

    un experto en física nuclear — an authority o an expert in nuclear physics

    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo

    experto en + inf — very good at -ing

    II
    - ta masculino, femenino expert

    un experto en física nuclear — an authority o an expert in nuclear physics

    * * *
    experto1
    1 = expert, referee, talent, expert witness, pundit, publication referee, techie, peer reviewer, technie, leading expert, hired gun, scholar.

    Ex: Standard reference works and experts may be consulted.

    Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.
    Ex: The company sponsoring the award wants to find out how much can be done in terms of effective public relations and publicity using only local library talent.
    Ex: Appearing as an expert witness the librarian proved that, between 1943-55, a librarian following standard library practices of the time could have identified and located literature on the subject of the health effects of exposure to asbestos and the means of controlling dust in the mining and milling of asbestos.
    Ex: Neither pundit from the past, nor sage from the schools, neither authorised body nor inspired individual has come forward with a definition acceptable to all practising librarians as theirs and theirs alone, sharply defining them as a group.
    Ex: This does not imply that the abstractor becomes a publication referee, trying to second-guess decisions already made by editors.
    Ex: The article 'CD-ROMs for techies' profiles CD-ROM based tools providing personal computer technical support.
    Ex: All papers undergo blind review by external peer reviewers.
    Ex: The information superhighway is more than just a technies' playground.
    Ex: Each session will be chaired by a leading expert on the topic.
    Ex: Why not get a 'hired gun' who will do the job in the least time and give us the opinion we're looking for?.
    Ex: Under 'American scholar' he found editions published beginning, I believe, in the 1880s.
    * círculo de expertos = network.
    * comité de expertos = professional committee.
    * como un experto = expertly.
    * consultar con otro experto = get + a second opinion.
    * encuentro entre expertos = meeting of (the) minds.
    * evaluación por expertos = peer review, refereeing, peer reviewing.
    * evaluación por expertos abierta = open refereeing.
    * evaluación por expertos anónima = blind refereeing.
    * evaluado por expertos = peer-reviewed, expertly appraised, refereed.
    * evaluar por expertos = referee.
    * evaluar por expertos doblemente = double referee.
    * experto bibliotecario = library expert.
    * experto empresarial = industry observer.
    * experto en = well versed in.
    * experto en conservación = preservationist.
    * experto en desactivación de bombas = detonation expert.
    * experto en desactivación de explosivos = detonation expert.
    * experto en dietética = dietitian [dietician], diet expert.
    * experto en informática = computer expert.
    * experto en la confección de documentos web = text mark-up expert.
    * experto en la materia = subject expert.
    * experto en medicina = medical expert.
    * experto en nutrición = nutritionist.
    * experto en recursos = resource person [resource people -pl.].
    * experto en tecnología = technologist.
    * experto fiscal = fiscal officer.
    * experto jurídico = legal expert.
    * expertos, los = experienced, the.
    * experto técnico = technical expert.
    * grupo de expertos = cadre, brains trust, group of experts, network, think tank.
    * panel de expertos = expert panel.
    * predicciones de expertos = punditry.
    * previsiones de expertos = punditry.
    * procedimiento de evaluación por expertos = refereeing procedure.
    * pronósticos de expertos = punditry.
    * pronunciamientos de expertos = punditry.
    * reunión de expertos = expert meeting [experts' meeting].
    * revista evaluada por expertos = refereed journal, peer-reviewed journal.
    * ser un experto en = be knowledgeable about.
    * ser un experto en la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * sin ser evaluado por expertos = unrefereed.
    * someter a una evaluación por expertos doble = double referee.
    * toma de contacto entre expertos = meeting of (the) minds.

    experto2
    2 = adept, experienced, master, skilled, trained, seasoned, qualified, virtuoso, expert, deft, technically minded.

    Ex: The machine is indeed quite adept at creating alternate access points and customized sequences.

    Ex: Thus, complex and irrational arrangements can be tolerated, since only relatively experienced staff need to be able to locate items.
    Ex: The plot for 99.9 percent represents about the norm for good master typists.
    Ex: When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.
    Ex: The WILSONDISC system appears easier to the trained searcher who can gather a great body of relevant material by using Boolean free text searching.
    Ex: At the same time, seasoned librarians are faced with new learning requirements for computer seaching.
    Ex: The projections of qualified manpower into the year 2000 are bleak for personnel based industries.
    Ex: An enquirer upstaged by a virtuoso parade of knowledge may be unwilling to venture into the limelight again.
    Ex: A situation involving the dangerous or apparently dangerous person (perhaps someone reportedly carrying a gun or knife) requires the librarian to summon expert help.
    Ex: In this live peformance video, Joan Sutherland's coloratura is as deft as ever.
    Ex: The building was without electricity for much of the day as some planned system upgrades were implemented (for the technically minded, some old gubbings were apparently replaced with sleek shiny new ones).
    * conocimiento experto = expertise.
    * enviar a un asesor experto = refer.
    * inexperto = naive [naïve].
    * mecanógrafo experto = master typist.
    * no experto = non-expert [nonexpert].
    * parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.
    * persona no experta = non-scholar.
    * ser experto en = be skilled at.
    * sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.

    * * *
    experto1 -ta
    [ SER]:
    es experto en casos de divorcio he's an expert on divorce cases
    experto EN + INF very good AT -ING
    es experta en manipular a la gente she's very good at manipulating people, she's an expert when it comes to manipulating people
    es experto en meter la pata ( hum); he's very good at putting his foot in it ( iro)
    experto2 -ta
    masculine, feminine
    expert experto EN algo:
    los expertos en explosivos the explosives experts
    una experta en la materia an authority o an expert on the subject
    mira cómo lo hace, es todo un experto watch how he does it, he's a real expert o he's really good at it
    * * *

     

    experto
    ◊ -ta adjetivo: es experto en casos de divorcio he's an expert on divorce cases;

    experto en hacer algo very good at doing sth
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    expert
    experto,-a sustantivo masculino y femenino expert [en, at/in]

    ' experto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    canto
    - como
    - dictamen
    - en
    - experta
    - interpretación
    - preparada
    - preparado
    - profana
    - profano
    - autoridad
    - entendido
    - especialista
    - perito
    English:
    accomplished
    - adept
    - authority
    - connoisseur
    - environmentalist
    - expert
    - master
    - no
    - oats
    - practiced
    - practised
    - pundit
    - purport
    - skilled
    - have
    - profess
    - professional
    - professionally
    - untrained
    * * *
    experto, -a
    ♦ adj
    expert;
    es experta en temas medioambientales she's an expert on environmental matters;
    es experto en hacer diabluras he's an expert at getting up to mischief
    ♦ nm,f
    expert;
    un experto en electrónica an electronics expert;
    un comité o [m5] una comisión de expertos a committee of experts;
    ¿poner pañales? ¡soy todo un experto! changing Br nappies? o US diapers? I'm quite the expert o Br a dab hand!
    * * *
    I adj expert;
    experto en hacer algo expert o very good at doing sth
    II m, experta f expert (en on)
    * * *
    experto, -ta adj & n
    : expert
    * * *
    experto n expert
    un experto en música an expert on music / a music expert

    Spanish-English dictionary > experto

  • 11 conocer

    v.
    conocer algo a fondo to know something well
    conocer bien un tema to know a lot about a subject
    darse a conocer to make oneself known
    dieron a conocer la noticia a través de la prensa they announced the news through the press
    Ellos conocen el lugar They know the place.
    ¿conoces a mi jefe? do you know o have you met my boss?
    conocer a alguien de vista to know somebody by sight
    conocer a alguien de oídas to have heard of somebody
    ¿de qué la conoces? how do you know her?
    María conoció a Ricardo en verano Mary met Richard in the summer.
    3 to get to know, to visit for the first time (lugar, país) (descubrir).
    no conozco Rusia I've never been to Russia
    me gustaría conocer Australia I'd like to go to o visit Australia
    * * *
    (c changes to zc before a and o)
    Present Indicative
    conozco, conoces, conoce, conemos, conocéis, conocen.
    Present Subjunctive
    Imperative
    conoce (tú), conozca (él/Vd.), conozcamos (nos.), conoced (vos.), conozcan (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    2) meet
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ persona]
    a) (=saber quién es) to know

    ¿de qué lo conoces? — where do you know him from?

    ¿conoces a Pedro? — have you met Pedro?, do you know Pedro?

    • no me conoce de nada — he doesn't know me from Adam

    • la conozco de oídas — I've heard of her, I know of her

    • lo conozco de vista — I know him by sight

    b) (=ver por primera vez) to meet
    c) (=saber cómo es) to get to know
    d) (=reconocer) to recognize, know

    te he conocido por el modo de andar — I recognized o knew you from the way you walk

    2) (=tener conocimiento de) [+ método, resultado] to know; [+ noticia] to hear
    3) [+ país, ciudad]

    no conozco Buenos Aires — I've never been to Buenos Aires, I don't know Buenos Aires

    4) (=dominar) to know

    conoce cuatro idiomas — she speaks o knows four languages

    5) (=experimentar)
    6) (=distinguir) to know, tell

    conoce cuáles son buenos y cuáles malos — he knows o can tell which are good and which are bad

    7)

    • dar a conocer — [+ información] to announce; [+ declaración, informe, cifras] to release

    dio a conocer sus intenciones — she announced her intentions, she made her intentions known

    • darse a conocer — [persona] to become known, make a name for o.s.

    darse a conocer a algn — to make o.s. known to sb

    8) (Jur) [+ causa] to try
    2. VI
    1) (=saber)

    • conocer de algo, ¿alguien conoce de algún libro sobre el tema? — does anybody know (of) a book on the subject?

    2) (Jur)

    conocer de o en una causa — to try a case

    3.
    See:
    CONOCER ► Conocer, aplicado a personas o cosas, se traduce generalmente por know: No conozco muy bien a su familia I don't know his family very well Nos conocemos desde que éramos pequeños We have known each other since we were little Conoce Manchester como la palma de la mano He knows Manchester like the back of his hand ► Sin embargo, cuando queremos indicar que se trata del primer encuentro, se debe utilizar meet: La conocí en una fiesta I (first) met her at a party ¿Conoces a Carmen? Ven que te la presento Have you met Carmen? Come and I'll introduce you Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) < persona> to know; ( por primera vez) to meet; <ciudad/país> to know

    ¿conoces a Juan? — do you know o have you met Juan?

    lquiero que conozcas a mi novi — oI want you to meet my boyfrien; ( aprender cómo es) <persona/ciudad> to get to know

    d¿conoces Irlanda — do you know o? have you been to Ireland

    2) (estar familiarizado con, dominar) <tema/autor/obra> to know, be familiar with; < lengua> to speak, know
    3)
    a) ( saber de la existencia de) to know, know of

    conocían sus actividades — they knew of o about his activities

    b)

    dar a conocer — (frml) <noticia/resultado> to announce; <identidad/intenciones> to reveal

    darse a conocer — persona to make oneself known

    4) ( reconocer) to recognize*
    5) ( experimentar) < crisis> to experience; <desarrollo/cambio> to undergo; < revolución> to see
    7) (Der) <causa/caso> to try
    8) (arc) ( tener trato carnal con) to know (arch)
    2.
    1) ( saber)

    conocer de algo — de tema/materia to know about something

    2) (Der)
    3.
    conocerse v pron
    1) (recípr) ( tener cierta relación con) to know each other; ( por primera vez) to meet; ( aprender cómo se es) to get to know each other
    2) (refl)
    a) ( aprender cómo se es) to get to know oneself
    b) ( saber cómo se es) to know oneself
    3) (enf) (fam) ( estar familiarizado con) to know
    * * *
    = be aware of, be cognisant of, know, learn, get to know, make + aware, become + cognisant of, gain + a sense of, be privy to, find out.
    Ex. Although this may seem an obvious statement, there are many instances when the searcher is not fully aware of what can or might be retrieved.
    Ex. The second aspect of institutional behavior we need to be cognizant of involves the notion the further institutions move into their life-cycles, the more they demonstrate the characteristics of a closed system.
    Ex. However, in general, it is unreasonable to expect a user to know the ISBN of a book.
    Ex. 'I'd be disappointed to learn that my boss or subordinates -- or peers for that matter -- told tales out of school about me to others'.
    Ex. She still had more than two weeks in which to return to Deuxville, settle in and find an apartment, and get to know the city.
    Ex. Libraries need to be made aware of all possible networking options, the benefits of the lesser known OSI suite of protocols and the requirements for establishing an OSI environment.
    Ex. Becoming cognizant of these retail promotional tools is the first step -- the fun part is adopting successful ones!.
    Ex. The best way of gaining some sense of what life used to be like is through the literature of the time.
    Ex. Even individual models vary from others by the same manufacturer; but that isn't something I can advise on, I' m not privy to the information.
    Ex. For example, a person can consult the system holdings files to find out whether a library in the network owns a copy of the document.
    ----
    * ayudar a conocer mejor = advance + understanding.
    * conocer a Alguien = meet + Alguien.
    * conocer a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.
    * conocer al dedillo = know + Nombre + off pat.
    * conocer Algo al dedillo = know + Nombre + inside-out, learn + Nombre + inside-out.
    * conocer Algo como la palma de + Posesivo + mano = know + Algo + like the back of + Posesivo + hand.
    * conocer Algo de cabo a rabo = know + Nombre + inside-out.
    * conocer bien = be knowledgeable about, be alert to.
    * conocer como = designate as.
    * conocer cómo piensa Alguien = get + inside the mind of.
    * conocer con certeza = know for + certain, know for + sure.
    * conocer de algún modo = know + on some grounds.
    * conocer de antemano = foreknow.
    * conocer de carretilla = know + Nombre + off pat.
    * conocer de lo que Alguien o Algo es capaz = have + Nombre + figured out.
    * conocer de memoria = know + Nombre + off pat.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * conocer + desafortunadamente = be painfully aware of.
    * conocer de seguro = know for + certain, know for + sure.
    * conocer (el) mundo = travel around + the world.
    * conocer la noticia = learn + the news.
    * conocer la verdad = discern + the truth.
    * conocer lo que Alguien o Algo es capaz de hacer = have + Nombre + figured out.
    * conocer mejor = gain + a better understanding, gain + a greater understanding.
    * conocer muy bien = be fully aware of.
    * conocer muy bien la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * conocer personalmente = meet + in person, meet + face to face.
    * conocer por experiencia = know (by/from) + experience.
    * conocerse como = call, be known as, dub.
    * conocérsele así por = get + Posesivo + name from.
    * conocer vida = see + the world.
    * conócete a ti mismo = know + thyself.
    * dar a conocer = bring to + the attention, communicate, publicise [publicize, -USA], report, articulate, make + known.
    * dar Algo a conocer = get + the word out.
    * no conocer a Alguien de nada = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * no conocer a Alguien para nada = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * No importa lo que se conoce, sino a quién se conoce = It's not what you know, but who you know.
    * quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * sin conocer = ignorant of.
    * tal como lo conocemos = as we know it.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) < persona> to know; ( por primera vez) to meet; <ciudad/país> to know

    ¿conoces a Juan? — do you know o have you met Juan?

    lquiero que conozcas a mi novi — oI want you to meet my boyfrien; ( aprender cómo es) <persona/ciudad> to get to know

    d¿conoces Irlanda — do you know o? have you been to Ireland

    2) (estar familiarizado con, dominar) <tema/autor/obra> to know, be familiar with; < lengua> to speak, know
    3)
    a) ( saber de la existencia de) to know, know of

    conocían sus actividades — they knew of o about his activities

    b)

    dar a conocer — (frml) <noticia/resultado> to announce; <identidad/intenciones> to reveal

    darse a conocer — persona to make oneself known

    4) ( reconocer) to recognize*
    5) ( experimentar) < crisis> to experience; <desarrollo/cambio> to undergo; < revolución> to see
    7) (Der) <causa/caso> to try
    8) (arc) ( tener trato carnal con) to know (arch)
    2.
    1) ( saber)

    conocer de algo — de tema/materia to know about something

    2) (Der)
    3.
    conocerse v pron
    1) (recípr) ( tener cierta relación con) to know each other; ( por primera vez) to meet; ( aprender cómo se es) to get to know each other
    2) (refl)
    a) ( aprender cómo se es) to get to know oneself
    b) ( saber cómo se es) to know oneself
    3) (enf) (fam) ( estar familiarizado con) to know
    * * *
    = be aware of, be cognisant of, know, learn, get to know, make + aware, become + cognisant of, gain + a sense of, be privy to, find out.

    Ex: Although this may seem an obvious statement, there are many instances when the searcher is not fully aware of what can or might be retrieved.

    Ex: The second aspect of institutional behavior we need to be cognizant of involves the notion the further institutions move into their life-cycles, the more they demonstrate the characteristics of a closed system.
    Ex: However, in general, it is unreasonable to expect a user to know the ISBN of a book.
    Ex: 'I'd be disappointed to learn that my boss or subordinates -- or peers for that matter -- told tales out of school about me to others'.
    Ex: She still had more than two weeks in which to return to Deuxville, settle in and find an apartment, and get to know the city.
    Ex: Libraries need to be made aware of all possible networking options, the benefits of the lesser known OSI suite of protocols and the requirements for establishing an OSI environment.
    Ex: Becoming cognizant of these retail promotional tools is the first step -- the fun part is adopting successful ones!.
    Ex: The best way of gaining some sense of what life used to be like is through the literature of the time.
    Ex: Even individual models vary from others by the same manufacturer; but that isn't something I can advise on, I' m not privy to the information.
    Ex: For example, a person can consult the system holdings files to find out whether a library in the network owns a copy of the document.
    * ayudar a conocer mejor = advance + understanding.
    * conocer a Alguien = meet + Alguien.
    * conocer a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.
    * conocer al dedillo = know + Nombre + off pat.
    * conocer Algo al dedillo = know + Nombre + inside-out, learn + Nombre + inside-out.
    * conocer Algo como la palma de + Posesivo + mano = know + Algo + like the back of + Posesivo + hand.
    * conocer Algo de cabo a rabo = know + Nombre + inside-out.
    * conocer bien = be knowledgeable about, be alert to.
    * conocer como = designate as.
    * conocer cómo piensa Alguien = get + inside the mind of.
    * conocer con certeza = know for + certain, know for + sure.
    * conocer de algún modo = know + on some grounds.
    * conocer de antemano = foreknow.
    * conocer de carretilla = know + Nombre + off pat.
    * conocer de lo que Alguien o Algo es capaz = have + Nombre + figured out.
    * conocer de memoria = know + Nombre + off pat.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * conocer + desafortunadamente = be painfully aware of.
    * conocer de seguro = know for + certain, know for + sure.
    * conocer (el) mundo = travel around + the world.
    * conocer la noticia = learn + the news.
    * conocer la verdad = discern + the truth.
    * conocer lo que Alguien o Algo es capaz de hacer = have + Nombre + figured out.
    * conocer mejor = gain + a better understanding, gain + a greater understanding.
    * conocer muy bien = be fully aware of.
    * conocer muy bien la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * conocer personalmente = meet + in person, meet + face to face.
    * conocer por experiencia = know (by/from) + experience.
    * conocerse como = call, be known as, dub.
    * conocérsele así por = get + Posesivo + name from.
    * conocer vida = see + the world.
    * conócete a ti mismo = know + thyself.
    * dar a conocer = bring to + the attention, communicate, publicise [publicize, -USA], report, articulate, make + known.
    * dar Algo a conocer = get + the word out.
    * no conocer a Alguien de nada = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * no conocer a Alguien para nada = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * No importa lo que se conoce, sino a quién se conoce = It's not what you know, but who you know.
    * quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * sin conocer = ignorant of.
    * tal como lo conocemos = as we know it.

    * * *
    conocer [E3 ]
    ■ conocer (verbo transitivo)
    A
    1 saber cómo es
    2 estar familiarizado con
    3 dominar
    B saber de la existencia de
    C
    1 conocer por primera vez
    2 aprender cómo es
    3 dar a conocer
    D reconocer
    E experimentar
    F verbo impersonal
    G Derecho: una causa
    H tener trato carnal con
    ■ conocer (verbo intransitivo)
    A conocer de algo
    B Derecho: de una causa
    C conocer: enfermo
    ■ conocerse (verbo pronominal)
    A
    1 tener cierta relación con
    2 conocerse por primera vez
    3 aprender cómo se es
    B
    1 llegar a saber cómo se es
    2 conocerse a uno mismo
    C estar familiarizado con
    vt
    A
    1 (saber cómo es, tener cierta relación con) to know
    ¿conoces a Juan? — no, mucho gusto do you know o have you met Juan? — no, pleased to meet you
    no lo conozco de nada I don't know him at all, I don't know him from Adam ( colloq)
    dijo que te conocía de oídas he said he'd heard of you
    lo conozco de nombre I know the name
    te conozco como si te hubiera parido ( fam); I can read you like a book
    conoce sus limitaciones he is aware of o he knows his limitations
    su generosidad es de todos conocida her generosity is well known
    trabajamos juntos dos años pero nunca llegué a conocerlo we worked together for two years but I never really got to know him
    conozco muy bien a ese tipo de persona I know that sort of person only too well
    2 (estar familiarizado con) ‹tema/autor/obra› to know, be familiar with
    ¿conoces su música? are you familiar with o do you know his music?
    ¿conoces Irlanda? do you know o have you been to Ireland?
    conozco el camino I know the way
    3
    (dominar): conoce muy bien su oficio she's very good at her job
    conoce tres idiomas a la perfección she's completely fluent in three languages, she speaks three languages fluently
    B (saber de la existencia de) to know, know of
    ¿conoces algún método para quitar estas manchas? do you know (of) any way of getting these stains out?
    no se conoce ningún remedio there is no known cure
    no conocía esa faceta de su carácter I didn't know that side of his character
    ¡qué vestido tan bonito, no te lo conocía! what a lovely dress! I've never seen you in it before
    no le conozco ningún vicio he doesn't have any vices as far as I know
    conocían sus actividades, pero no había pruebas they knew of o about his activities but there was no proof
    C
    1 (por primera vez) ‹persona› to meet
    quiero que conozcas a mis padres I want you to meet my parents
    2 (aprender cómo es) ‹persona/ciudad› to get to know
    quiere viajar y conocer mundo she wants to travel and see the world
    es la mejor manera de conocer la ciudad it's the best way to get to know the city
    me encantaría conocer tu país I'd love to visit your country
    más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer better the devil you know than the devil you don't
    3
    dar a conocer ( frml); ‹noticia/resultado› to announce;
    ‹identidad/intenciones› to reveal
    todavía no se han dado a conocer los resultados the results have still not been announced o released
    estuvo allí pero no se dio a conocer he was there but he didn't tell people who he was o but he didn't make himself known
    el libro que lo dio a conocer como poeta the book which established his reputation as a poet
    D (reconocer) to recognize*
    te conocí por la voz I recognized your voice, I knew it was you by your voice
    E
    (experimentar): una de las peores crisis que ha conocido el país one of the worst crises the country has known
    una industria que ha conocido un desarrollo desigual an industry which has undergone a period of uneven development
    la primera revolución de las que conocería el siglo veinte the first revolution that the twentieth century was to see
    F ( impers)
    (notar): se conoce que no están en casa they're obviously not at home
    se conoce que ya llevaba algún tiempo enfermo apparently he'd been ill for some time
    se conoce que ha estado llorando you can tell o see he's been crying
    G ( Derecho) ‹causa/caso› to try
    ■ conocer
    vi
    A (saber) conocer DE algo to know ABOUT sth
    conoce del tema she knows about the subject
    B ( Der):
    conocer de or en una causa/un caso to try a case
    C
    «enfermo»: está muy mal, ya no conoce he's in a bad way, he's not recognizing people
    A ( recípr)
    1 (tener cierta relación con) to know each other
    nos conocemos desde niños we've known each other since we were children
    ya nos conocemos we already know each other, we've already met
    3 (aprender cómo se es) to get to know each other
    B ( refl)
    1 (llegar a saber cómo se es) to get to know oneself
    2 (a uno mismo) to know oneself, know what one is like
    se conoce todas las discotecas de la ciudad he knows every disco in town
    * * *

     

    conocer ( conjugate conocer) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹ persona› to know;
    ( por primera vez) to meet;
    ‹ciudad/país› to know;
    ◊ ¿conoces a Juan? do you know/have you met Juan?;

    te conocía de oídas he'd heard of you;
    lo conozco de nombre I know the name;
    conocer a algn de vista to know sb by sight;
    es de todos conocido he's well known;
    quiero que conozcas a mi novio I want you to meet my boyfriend;
    nunca llegué a conocerlo bien I never really got to know him;
    ¿conoces Irlanda? do you know Ireland? o have you been to Ireland?;
    quiere conocer mundo she wants to see the world;
    me encantaría conocer tu país I'd love to visit your country
    2 (estar familiarizado con, dominar) ‹tema/autor/obra› to know, be familiar with;
    ‹ lengua› to speak, know
    3

    ◊ conocían sus actividades they knew of o about his activities

    b)

    ◊ dar a conocer (frml) ‹noticia/resultado› to announce;


    ‹identidad/intenciones› to reveal;

    intentó no darse a conocer he tried to keep his identity a secret
    4 ( reconocer) to recognize( conjugate recognize);

    5 ( impers) ( notar):

    se conoce que ya llevaba algún tiempo enfermo apparently he'd been ill for some time
    verbo intransitivo ( saber) conocer de algo ‹de tema/materia› to know about sth
    conocerse verbo pronominal
    1 ( recípr) ( tener cierta relación con) to know each other;
    ( por primera vez) to meet;
    ( aprender cómo se es) to get to know each other
    2 ( refl)


    conocer verbo transitivo
    1 to know
    2 (por primera vez) to meet
    3 (reconocer) to recognize
    ♦ Locuciones: dar a conocer, (hacer público) to make known
    darse a conocer, to make one's name
    ' conocer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dar
    - dominar
    - ensombrecerse
    - notoriamente
    - paño
    - percal
    - pormenor
    - sacar
    - conozca
    - dedillo
    - desconocer
    - malo
    - palma
    - palmo
    - presentar
    English:
    acquaint
    - acquaintance
    - announce
    - devil
    - familiar
    - hear of
    - know
    - meet
    - name
    - sight
    - survey
    - acquainted
    - come
    - disclaim
    - fit
    - get
    - hand
    - high
    - taste
    - wander
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [saber cosas acerca de] to know;
    conoce la mecánica del automóvil he knows a lot about car mechanics;
    conoce el ruso a la perfección he's fluent in Russian;
    conocen todo lo que pasa en el pueblo they know (about) everything that goes on in the village;
    ¿conoces alguna forma más rápida de hacerlo? do you know a quicker way to do it?;
    no conozco bien este tema I'm not familiar with this subject;
    Fam
    conoce el tema al dedillo she knows the subject inside out;
    conocer algo a fondo to know sth well;
    dieron a conocer la noticia a través de la prensa they announced the news through the press;
    su segunda película lo dio a conocer o [m5] se dio a conocer con su segunda película como el gran director que es his second movie o Br film achieved recognition for him as the great director that he is;
    Juan enseguida se dio a conocer a mi amiga Juan immediately introduced himself to my friend;
    fue, como es de todos conocido, una difícil decisión it was, as everyone knows, a difficult decision;
    su amabilidad es de todos conocida everyone knows how kind he is, he is well-known for his kindness
    2. [lugar, país] [descubrir] to get to know, to visit for the first time;
    [desde hace tiempo] to know;
    no conozco Rusia I've never been to Russia;
    me gustaría conocer Australia I'd like to go to o visit Australia;
    conoce la región como la palma de su mano she knows the region like the back of her hand;
    a los veinte años se marchó a conocer mundo at the age of twenty he went off to see the world;
    ¿te acompaño? – no hace falta, conozco el camino shall I go with you? – there's no need, I know the way
    3. [a una persona] [por primera vez] to meet;
    [desde hace tiempo] to know;
    ¿conoces a mi jefe? do you know o have you met my boss?;
    lo conocí cuando era niño I first met him when he was a child;
    tienes que conocer a mi hermana I must introduce you to my sister;
    conocer a alguien a fondo to know sb well;
    conocer a alguien de nombre to know sb by name;
    conocer a alguien de oídas to have heard of sb;
    conocer a alguien de vista to know sb by sight;
    ¿de qué la conoces? how do you know her?;
    no la conozco de nada I've never met her before, I don't know her at all
    4. [reconocer]
    conocer a alguien (por algo) to recognize sb (by sth);
    lo conocí por su forma de andar I recognized him by the way he walked
    5. [experimentar]
    ésta es la peor sequía que ha conocido África this is the worst drought Africa has ever had o known;
    el último conflicto que ha conocido la región the latest conflict witnessed by the region;
    la empresa ha conocido un crecimiento espectacular the company has seen o experienced spectacular growth
    6. Anticuado o Hum [sexualmente]
    conocer carnalmente a to have carnal knowledge of;
    hasta los treinta años no conoció varón she had never been with a man until she was thirty
    7. Der [causa] to try;
    el tribunal que conoce el caso se pronunciará mañana the court trying the case will announce its verdict tomorrow
    ♦ vi
    1.
    conocer de [saber] to know about;
    no te preocupes, que conoce del tema don't worry, he knows (about) the subject
    2. Der
    conocer de to try;
    conocer de una causa to try a case;
    será juzgado por el tribunal que conoce de casos de terrorismo he will be tried by the court that deals with cases relating to terrorism
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 know;
    dar a conocer make known;
    darse a conocer reveal one’s identity; de artista become famous
    2 por primera vez meet
    3 tristeza, amor etc experience, know
    4 ( reconocer) recognize
    II v/i
    :
    conocer de know about
    * * *
    conocer {18} vt
    1) : to know, to be acquainted with
    ya la conocí: I've already met him
    2) : to meet
    3) reconocer: to recognize
    * * *
    1. (en general) to know [pt. knew; pp. known]
    ¿conoces a Marc? do you know Marc?
    ¿conoces Bilbao? do you know Bilbao? / have you ever been to Bilbao?
    2. (por primera vez persona) to meet [pt. & pp. met]
    3. (reconocer) to recognize

    Spanish-English dictionary > conocer

  • 12 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

    1. modular data center

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

  • 13 rico

    adj.
    1 rich, wealthy, well-off, moneyed.
    2 delicious, tasty.
    3 pleasing.
    m.
    1 rich person, rich.
    2 Rico.
    * * *
    1 (acaudalado) rich, wealthy
    3 (sabroso) tasty, delicious
    4 (tierra) rich, fertile
    5 (excelente) rich, excellent
    6 familiar (bonito) lovely, adorable
    7 familiar (tratamiento - hombre) mate, US man; (- mujer) love, US sweetheart
    ■ mira rico, no me tomes el pelo look mate, don't pull my leg
    ■ ¿qué tal, rica? how are you doing, love?
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 rich person
    1 the rich
    \
    hacerse rico,-a to get rich
    nuevo,-a rico,-a nouveau riche
    * * *
    (f. - rica)
    adj.
    1) rich
    * * *
    rico, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (=adinerado) rich, wealthy
    2) [suelo] rich

    rico de o en — rich in

    3) (=valioso) valuable, precious; (=lujoso) luxurious, sumptuous, valuable; [tela] fine, rich, sumptuous
    4) (=sabroso) delicious, tasty
    5) * (=bonito) cute, lovely
    [en oración directa]

    ¡rico! — darling!

    ¡oye, rico! — hey, watch it! *

    ¡que no, rico! — Esp no way, mate! *

    ¡qué rico es el pequeño! — isn't he a lovely baby!

    ¡qué rico! — iró (isn't that just) great!

    2.
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <persona/país> rich, wealthy
    2)
    a) < tierra> rich; < vegetación> lush; <lenguaje/historia> rich
    b) ( abundante)
    3)
    a) < comida> good, nice
    b) (esp CS) < perfume> nice, lovely
    4) (fam) ( mono) <niño/chica> lovely, cute

    es muy rica de cara — (CS) she has a very pretty o a lovely face

    5) (AmL exc RPl) ( agradable) lovely, wonderful

    ¿te vas a Acapulco? ay, qué rico! — you're off to Acapulco? how lovely!

    II
    - ca masculino, femenino
    1) (m) rich o wealthy man; (f) rich o wealthy woman

    los ricos — rich people, the rich

    2) ( como apelativo) (fam & iró) sweetie (colloq & iro), honey (colloq & iro)
    * * *
    = affluent, rich [richer -comp., richest -sup.], wealthy [wealthier -comp., wealthiest -sup.], luscious, tasty [tastier -comp., tastiest -sup.].
    Ex. It is easy to predict that a majority of either large or affluent libraries in this country will employ some form of catalog under machine control in the foreseeable future.
    Ex. So, in practice, instead of exploiting the rich coordination of natural language, most systems ignore these links between concepts and resort to picking words from text at random.
    Ex. Today's sophisticated media provide clear advantages to wealthy, well-established interest groups.
    Ex. This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.
    Ex. Some tasty ready-made sarnies you can buy in shops are so full of salt they should have a health warning, says a group of experts.
    ----
    * aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.
    * barrio de los ricos = upper town.
    * casarse con alguien rico = marry into + money, marry + a fortune, marry + money.
    * hacer más rico = add + richness to.
    * hacerse rico = strike + it rich, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.
    * hazte rico pronto = get-rich-quick.
    * Puerto Rico = Puerto Rico.
    * rico en almidón = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.], starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].
    * rico en contenido = content-rich.
    * rico en contenido temático = subject-rich.
    * rico en féculas = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].
    * rico en fibras = high-fibre.
    * rico en grasa = fat-rich.
    * rico en hidratos de carbono = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].
    * rico en información = information-rich, info-rich.
    * rico en mensajes = message-rich.
    * rico en nutrientes = nutrient-rich.
    * rico en óxido = oxidised [oxidized, -USA].
    * rico en proteínas = high protein.
    * rico en recursos = resource-rich.
    * rico en TI = IT-rich.
    * ricos = haves.
    * ricos en información = information haves.
    * ricos en información, los = information-rich, the.
    * ricos, los = better off, the.
    * ricos y los pobres, los = haves and the have-nots, the.
    * ser rico en = be rich in.
    * ser rico en contenido = be rich in content.
    * superricos, los = super rich, the.
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <persona/país> rich, wealthy
    2)
    a) < tierra> rich; < vegetación> lush; <lenguaje/historia> rich
    b) ( abundante)
    3)
    a) < comida> good, nice
    b) (esp CS) < perfume> nice, lovely
    4) (fam) ( mono) <niño/chica> lovely, cute

    es muy rica de cara — (CS) she has a very pretty o a lovely face

    5) (AmL exc RPl) ( agradable) lovely, wonderful

    ¿te vas a Acapulco? ay, qué rico! — you're off to Acapulco? how lovely!

    II
    - ca masculino, femenino
    1) (m) rich o wealthy man; (f) rich o wealthy woman

    los ricos — rich people, the rich

    2) ( como apelativo) (fam & iró) sweetie (colloq & iro), honey (colloq & iro)
    * * *
    = affluent, rich [richer -comp., richest -sup.], wealthy [wealthier -comp., wealthiest -sup.], luscious, tasty [tastier -comp., tastiest -sup.].

    Ex: It is easy to predict that a majority of either large or affluent libraries in this country will employ some form of catalog under machine control in the foreseeable future.

    Ex: So, in practice, instead of exploiting the rich coordination of natural language, most systems ignore these links between concepts and resort to picking words from text at random.
    Ex: Today's sophisticated media provide clear advantages to wealthy, well-established interest groups.
    Ex: This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.
    Ex: Some tasty ready-made sarnies you can buy in shops are so full of salt they should have a health warning, says a group of experts.
    * aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.
    * barrio de los ricos = upper town.
    * casarse con alguien rico = marry into + money, marry + a fortune, marry + money.
    * hacer más rico = add + richness to.
    * hacerse rico = strike + it rich, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.
    * hazte rico pronto = get-rich-quick.
    * Puerto Rico = Puerto Rico.
    * rico en almidón = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.], starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].
    * rico en contenido = content-rich.
    * rico en contenido temático = subject-rich.
    * rico en féculas = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].
    * rico en fibras = high-fibre.
    * rico en grasa = fat-rich.
    * rico en hidratos de carbono = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].
    * rico en información = information-rich, info-rich.
    * rico en mensajes = message-rich.
    * rico en nutrientes = nutrient-rich.
    * rico en óxido = oxidised [oxidized, -USA].
    * rico en proteínas = high protein.
    * rico en recursos = resource-rich.
    * rico en TI = IT-rich.
    * ricos = haves.
    * ricos en información = information haves.
    * ricos en información, los = information-rich, the.
    * ricos, los = better off, the.
    * ricos y los pobres, los = haves and the have-nots, the.
    * ser rico en = be rich in.
    * ser rico en contenido = be rich in content.
    * superricos, los = super rich, the.

    * * *
    rico1 -ca
    A ‹persona/país› rich, wealthy
    B
    1 ‹tierra› rich; ‹vegetación› lush; ‹lenguaje/historia› rich
    una dieta rica en vitaminas a diet rich in vitamins, a vitamin-rich diet
    3 ( gen delante del n) (magnífico) ‹telas/tapices› rich, sumptuous
    C
    1 ‹comida› good, nice
    ¡esto está riquísimo! this is o tastes delicious!
    con nueces queda más rico it's nicer with nuts
    2 ( esp RPl) ‹perfume› nice, lovely
    ¡qué rico olor tiene! what a lovely smell!, it smells lovely!
    D ( fam) (mono) ‹niño/chica› lovely, cute
    ¡qué niño más rico! what a lovely o sweet o cute child
    está muy rica con ese vestido she looks cute o lovely in that dress
    es muy rica de cara ( RPl); she has a very pretty o a lovely face
    ¡qué rica está tu vecina! your neighbor's gorgeous o hot stuff ( colloq)
    E ( AmL exc RPl) (agradable) lovely, wonderful
    ¡qué rico estar en la playa ahora! wouldn't it be wonderful o just great to be on the beach now!
    ¿te vas a Acapulco? ¡ay, qué rico! you're off to Acapulco? how lovely!
    ¡qué rica! así salgo yo perdiendo oh, that's great o charming! that way I lose out ( iro)
    rico2 -ca
    masculine, feminine
    A ( masculine) rich o wealthy man; ( feminine) rich o wealthy woman
    un rico no tiene estos problemas rich people don't have these problems
    los ricos rich people, the rich
    los pocos ricos que conozco the few rich o wealthy people I know
    B (como apelativo) ( fam iró); sweetie ( colloq iro), honey ( colloq iro), sunshine ( BrE colloq iro)
    * * *

     

    rico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    1
    a) ‹persona/país› rich, wealthy

    b) ‹ tierra› rich;

    ‹ vegetación› lush;
    ‹lenguaje/historia› rich;
    rico EN algo rich in sth
    2
    a) ‹ comida› good, nice;

    ◊ ¡esto está riquísimo! this is delicious!

    b) (esp CS) ‹ perfume› nice, lovely;

    ◊ ¡qué rico olor tiene! what a lovely smell!

    c) (fam) ( mono) ‹niño/chica› lovely, cute

    d) (AmL exc RPl) ( agradable) lovely, wonderful

    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    a) (m) rich o wealthy man;

    (f) rich o wealthy woman;

    b) ( como apelativo) (fam & iró) sweetie (colloq & iro), honey (colloq & iro)

    rico,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (suntuoso) sumptuous: se puso un rico vestido, she put on a gorgeous dress
    2 (acaudalado) wealthy: es un hombre rico, he's a rich man
    3 (sabroso) delicious
    4 (un niño, bebé, una mascota) lovely, adorable
    5 (tierra, sustancia) rich: es un alimento rico en proteínas, it's a high-protein food
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino rich o wealthy person
    los ricos, the wealthy
    ' rico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    buena
    - bueno
    - frotar
    - frotarse
    - poderosa
    - poderoso
    - rica
    - enriquecer
    - nuevo
    - ojalá
    - Puerto Rico
    English:
    abundant
    - affluent
    - cute
    - even
    - full-bodied
    - get-rich-quick
    - loaded
    - luscious
    - me
    - nice
    - off
    - opulent
    - Puerto Rico
    - rich
    - sweet
    - wealthy
    - wish
    - eventful
    - high
    - nouveau riche
    - only
    - PR
    - report
    - vivid
    * * *
    rico, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [adinerado] rich;
    un país rico a rich country
    2. [abundante] rich (en in);
    una dieta rica en proteínas a protein-rich diet, a diet rich in proteins;
    esta región es rica en recursos naturales this region is rich in natural resources
    3. [fértil] fertile, rich
    4. [sabroso] delicious;
    la sopa está muy rica the soup is really delicious;
    ¡qué rico! this is delicious!
    5. [simpático] cute;
    ¡qué perrito tan rico! what a cute little dog!
    6. [bello, de calidad] [telas, tapices, vocabulario] rich
    7. Am salvo RP [agradable] lovely;
    ¡qué clima más rico hace aquí! the climate here is lovely!
    ♦ nm,f
    1. [adinerado] rich person;
    los ricos the rich;
    los nuevos ricos the nouveaux riches
    2. Fam [apelativo]
    ¡oye, rico! hey, sunshine!;
    ¿por qué no te callas, rico? shut up, you!
    ♦ adv
    Am salvo RP [bien] well;
    qué rico toca el piano she plays the piano so well;
    qué rico se está aquí en la playa it's lovely here on the beach
    * * *
    I adj
    1 rich;
    rico en vitaminas rich in vitamins
    2 comida delicious
    3 fam
    niño cute fam
    II m rich man;
    nuevo rico nouveau riche
    * * *
    rico, -ca adj
    1) : rich, wealthy
    2) : fertile
    3) : luxurious, valuable
    4) : delicious
    5) : adorable, lovely
    6) : great, wonderful
    rico, -ca n
    : rich person
    * * *
    rico1 adj
    1. (en general) rich
    2. (comida) delicious
    3. (niño) sweet
    ¡qué niña más rica! what a sweet little girl!
    rico2 n
    1. (hombre) rich man [pl. men]
    2. (mujer) rich woman [pl. women]

    Spanish-English dictionary > rico

  • 14 ухо

    1. car
    външно ухо анат. auricle, external ear
    средно ухо middle ear
    вътрешно ухо internal ear
    тех. tag, tab
    (на съд, брадва и пр.) lug
    (на плуг) mouldboard
    казвам някому нещо на ухото say s.th. in s.o.'s ear
    искам да ти кажа нещо на ухото may I have a word in your ear?
    давам ухо на listen to, ( подслушвам) eaves-drop
    от едното ухо влязло, от другото излязло in at one ear, out at the other
    обеца на ухото a good warning
    до уши up to the neck/chin; chin-deep
    влюбен до уши over head and ears/head over ears in love
    изчервявам се до уши blush scarlet/crimson, blush to the roots of o.'s hair
    затънал до уши в работа up to o.'s eyes/chin in work
    наострям уши prick up o.'s ears
    стигна до ушите ми it has come to my ears/knowledge/notice
    дърпам/опъвам/тегля някому ушите pull s.o.'s ears
    pull s.o. by the ear, прен. take s.o. to task
    изяждам някому ушите eat s.o. out of house and home
    да си ядеш ушите! confound you! порастват ми ушите get above o.s., get too big for o.'s boots
    недей лежа на това ухо don't rely/count on that
    когато си видиш ушите on a month of Sundays, on the Greek calends
    трябва да са ти пищели ушите your ears must have been tingling
    ям, та чак ушите ми пукат eat like a wolf
    * * *
    ухо̀,
    ср., ушѝ 1. car; външно \ухо анат. auricle, external ear; вътрешно \ухо internal ear; средно \ухо middle ear;
    2. (на игла) eye; техн. tag, tab; (на съд, брава и пр.) lug; (на плуг) mouldboard; • влюбен до уши over head and ears/head over ears/heels in love; be fathoms deep in love; да си ядеш ушите! confound you! давам \ухо на listen to, ( подслушвам) eavesdrop; до уши up to the neck/chin; chin-deep; far gone; дърпам/опъвам/тегля някому ушите pull s.o.’s ears; pull s.o. by the ear, прен. take s.o. to task; запушвам си ушите stuff o.’s fingers into o.’s ears; затварям си ушите за истината shut o.’s ears to the truth; затънал до уши в работа up to o.’s eyes/chin in work; изчервявам се до уши blush scarlet/crimson, blush to the roots of o.’s hair; изяждам някому ушите eat s.o. out of house and home; искам да ти кажа нещо на \ухото may I have a word in your ear? казвам някому нещо на \ухото say s.th. in s.o.’s ear; когато си видиш ушите on a month of Sundays, on the Greek calends; наострям уши prick up o.’s ears; обеца на \ухото a good warning; от едното \ухо влязло, от другото излязло in at one ear, out at the other; it glances off him like water off a duck’s back; порастват ми ушите get above o.s., get too big for o.’s boots; слушам с четири уши listen open-eared; стигна до ушите ми it has come to my ears/knowledge/notice; трябва да са ти пищели ушите your ears must have been tingling; ушите ми бучат my ears are ringing; ям, та чак ушите ми плющят eat like a wolf.
    * * *
    ear: middle ухо - средно ухо, internal ухо - вътрешно ухо, May I have a word in your ухо? - Може ли да ти кажа нещо на ухо?, pull s.o.'s ears - дърпам ушите на някого; auricle (анат. външно); eye (на игла); tag (тех.)
    * * *
    1. (на игла) eye 2. (на плуг) mouldboard 3. (на съд, брадва и пр.) lug 4. car 5. pull s.o. by the ear, прен. take s.o. to task 6. влюбен до уши over head and ears/head over ears in love 7. външно УХО анат. auricle, external ear 8. вътрешно УХО internal ear 9. да си ядеш ушите! confound you! порастват ми ушите get above o.s., get too big for o.'s boots 10. давам УХО на listen to, (подслушвам) eaves-drop 11. до уши up to the neck/ chin;chin-deep 12. дърпам/опъвам/тегля някому ушите pull s.o.'s ears 13. затварям си ушите за истината shut o.'s ears to thе truth 14. затънал до уши в работа up to o.'s eyes/chin in work 15. изчервявам се до уши blush scarlet/crimson, blush to the roots of o.'s hair 16. изяждам някому ушите eat s.o. out of house and home 17. искам да ти кажа нещо на УХОто may I have a word in your ear? 18. казвам някому нещо на УХОто say s.th. in s.o.'s ear 19. когато си видиш ушите on a month of Sundays, on the Greek calends 20. наострям уши prick up o.'s ears 21. недей лежа на това УХО don't rely/count on that 22. обеца на УХОто a good warning 23. от едното УХО влязло, от другото излязло in at one ear, out at the other 24. средно УХО middle ear 25. стигна до ушите ми it has come to my ears/knowledge/notice 26. тех. tag, tab 27. трябва да са ти пищели ушите your ears must have been tingling 28. ям, та чак ушите ми пукат eat like a wolf

    Български-английски речник > ухо

  • 15 совокупляться

    2) Biology: pair
    3) Colloquial: lallygag, lollygag
    4) American: jazz
    5) Religion: fornicate
    6) Rude: fuck
    7) Jargon: janney, score
    9) Taboo: Donald ( см. Donald Duck), Dutch-kiss, Zinzanbrook (произносится zin-zan-bruck), aardvark, accommodate, at it, bag up, ball, ball somebody (с кем-л.), ball with somebody (с кем-л.), band somebody (с кем-л.), bang, bang somebody (с кем-л.), bang with somebody (с кем-л.), bash somebody (с кем-л.), bate up, batter, beak, beanbag, bear, bed with somebody (с кем-л.), belly-bamp, belly-bump, (о мужчине) belt, belt (one's) batter, biff, (о мужчине) blow through, blue goose, board, bob, boff, boink, bone down, bonk, boogie, boom-boom, booty, bop, (о мужчине) break a lance with somebody (с кем-л.), bugger, bump, bump tummies, bump uglies, bun, (о мужчине) bury (one's) wick, bury the brisket, bus somebody out (с точки зрения мужчины), cane, canoe, (о мужчине) carve oneself a slice, cattle (см. cattle-truck), cha-cha, chafer, charver, chauver somebody (с кем-л.), (о мужчине) chuck a tread, chuff, clip somebody (с кем-л.), cock, cool out, cram, (о мужчине) cram it, (о мужчине) crawl somebody (с кем-л.), cure the horn (см. horn), dance on the mattress, dance the miller's reel, daub the brush, dick, diddle, dig out, dight, (о мужчине) dip (one's) dick, dip the fly, discuss Uganda (см. Ugandan affairs), do, (о мужчине) do a grind, (о мужчине) do a hoist, do a jottle, (о мужчине) do a slide up the broad, (о мужчине) do a tread, (о женщине) do a wet 'un, do an inside worry, do it, do the do, do the natural thing, (о женщине) do the naughty, (о мужчине) do the trick, do the two-backed beast, drill (for oil), (о мужчине) drive into somebody, dunk, ease nature, empty (one's) trash, exchange spits, exercise the ferret, federate, (о женщине) feed (one's) pussy, fer somebody (с кем-л.), (о мужчине) fettle, fill (one's) boots, (о мужчине) fill somebody up, fit ends, fix somebody up (с кем-л.), fix somebody's plumbing, fla (от ирл. Fleadh - party), flame, (о мужчине) flesh it, flimp, flip, flop, flop somebody (с кем-л.), fore-and-aft, four-nine-three-eleven (4-9-3-11, по номерам букв в алфавите), frame, freak, frig, frig somebody (с кем-л., об обоих полах), frock, frottage, fuck somebody (с кем-л., об обоих полах), futter (от фр. foutre), futy, futz, g, ganch somebody (с кем-л., букв.посадить на кол), gasp and grunt, gay it, gee, get (one's) ashes hauled, (о мужчине) get (one's) end away, get (one's) greens, get (one's) leg across, get (one's) nuts cracked, get (one's) oats from somebody, get (one's) oil changed, get Jack in the orchard (см. garden), get a bit, (о мужчине) get a couple of lengths in (somebody) (с кем-л.), get a leg over, get a little, (о женщине) get a wet bottom, get any (часто употребляется при приветствии мужчин - Getting any?), get boots, get busy, get down, get fixed up, get in, (о мужчине) get into somebody (см. get outside of somebody), get it off, (о женщине) get laid, get on the old fork, (о женщине) get outside of somebody (см. get into somebody), get over, get some, (о мужчине) get some trim, (о мужчине) get there, get up somebody (с кем-л.), get up them stairs (употребляется как приказ мужчины), gib, git skins, (о мужчине) give hard for soft, give it to somebody (с кем-л.), give it up, give somebody a shot (с кем-л.), give somebody a thrill (с кем-л.), give somebody one (с кем-л.), give somebody the business, give the dog a bone, (о женщине) go a bit of beef, go case with somebody (с кем-л.), go jottling, go leather-stretching, go post a letter, (о женщине) go star-gazing on (one's) back, go the route, go to Hairyfordshire (см. hair; игра слов на Herefordshire), go to bed with somebody (с кем-л.), go to town (with somebody), go tromboning, grease the wheel, grind, (о мужчине) grind (one's) tool, groan and grunt, haul (one's) ashes, have (one's) banana peeled, (о мужчине) have (one's) cut, have (one's) greens, (о мужчине) have (one's) nuts cracked, (о мужчине) have a bit, (о женщине) have a bit of beef, have a bit of fun, have a bit of rabbit-pie, have a bit of slap and tickle, (о женщине) have a bit of the gut-stick, have a bit off, (о мужчине) have a blow-through, have a flutter, have a go, (о мужчине) have a hoist, (о женщине) have a hot pudding for supper (см. pudding), have a naughty, have a put-in, (о мужчине) have a rattle, (о женщине) have a taste of the gut-stick, have carnal knowledge of somebody (с кем-л.), have contact with somebody (с кем-л.), have it away (together), have it in, have it off, have sex, have some, have somebody (с кем-л.), hide the salami, hit it off, hit skins, hive it, hobble, hog, hop, (о мужчине) hop into the horse's collar, (о мужчине) hop on, horizontalize, hose, huddle (somebody) (с кем-л.), hump (somebody) (с кем-л.), hump something heavy, hustle somebody (с кем-л.), inch, indulge, (о мужчине) introduce Charley, irrigate (см. lubricate), jab, jack, jack somebody (с кем-л.), jack up, jam, jape, jerk, jig, jiggle, jive, job, jog with somebody (с кем-л.), join giblets, join guts, jook, jottle, jump (somebody) (с кем-л.), jump up and down, kipper basting, knob, knock, knock boots, knock it off, knock off with somebody (с кем-л.), knock one on, knock somebody off (с кем-л.), knock somebody up (с кем-л.), know somebody (с кем-л.), know, in the Biblical sense, labor leather, lay, (о пожилых парах) lay (one's) cane in a dusty corner (намек на редкость совокупления), lay back, lay pipe, lay some pipe, lay somebody (с кем-л.), lay the leg, leap, leg-over, let Percy in the playpen, let nature take its course, (о женщине) lie feet uppermost, lift (one's) leg, lift a leg on somebody (с кем-л.), (о женщине) light the lamp, line, lobster, love somebody up (с кем-л.), (о мужчине) lubricate somebody (с кем-л.), mac, mack, make (one's) love come down, make babies, make ends meet, make it (with), make it together (обыч. употребляется в продолженных временах), make it with somebody (с кем-л.), make love (to somebody) (с кем-л.), make the scene, mash the fat, mount somebody (с кем-л.), muff, mug (somebody) (с кем-л.), naughty (somebody) (с кем-л.), nibble, nob, off, (о мужчине) pack, paint the bucket, park the pink bus, party, peg somebody (с кем-л.), perform, plank, plant a man, plant oats, (о женщине) play (one's) ace and take the jack (см. ace), play doctor, play fathers and mothers, play horses and mares (см. play fathers and mothers), play house, play in-and-out, play night baseball, play stable-my-naggy, play the national indoor game, play the organ, (о мужчине) play three to one (and be sure to lose) ("три" представляют собой пенис и яички, "однo" - влагалище, "потерять" означает эякулировать), play tiddlywinks, play top-sawyer (игра слов на Tom Sawyer и top-drawer), play tops and bottoms, plowter, pluck somebody (с кем-л.), plug (somebody) (с женщиной), pluke, poke somebody (с кем-л.), polish (one's) ass on the top sheet, pop, pop somebody (с кем-л.), pork, pork somebody (away) (см. meat; с кем-л.), pot pink, pound (somebody) (с кем-л.), (о женщине) pray with knees upwards, (о женщине) prod, pump somebody (с кем-л.), punch somebody (с кем-л.), push, put it to her, put the boots to somebody, put the devil into hell, quiff, rack, ram somebody (с кем-л.), rasp, rattle, ride (с точки зрения мужчины), ride somebody (с кем-л.), rip off a piece of ass, rock, roll, roll in the hay, roll somebody (с кем-л.), roller skate, root, rootle, (о мужчине) rump, sauce, saw off a chunk, scam, schtup (из идиш), score between the posts, scrape, screw, screw somebody (с кем-л., как о мужчинах, так и о женщинах), scrog, scrump somebody (с кем-л.), scuttle (об. в положении "мужчина сзади"), see, (о женщине) see stars lying on (one's) back, sex, sexing, sexpress, shake a tart, shake somebody down, shift, shoop, shove somebody (с кем-л.), shtup, shunt, skeet, skeeze, skin the cat, sklook, slam, slap skins, smash, snag, snake, snug, sock it to somebody (с кем-л.), spear the bearded clam (см. bearded clam), splay, splice, split, spread (one's) jenk, square someone's circle, stand somebody up (с кем-л.), (о женщине) stare at the ceiling over a man's shoulder, stick it (о мужчине), (о мужчине) stick somebody (с кем-л.), stretch leather, strum (somebody) (с кем-л.), (о женщине) study astronomy, (о мужчине) stuff, swing, tail, take a turn, take a turn among the parsley, (о женщине) take in beef, (о женщине) take it lying down, take somebody on (с кем-л.), tear a strip off, (о мужчине) tear off a hunk of skirt, tear up, tether (one's) nag, throw, throw a leg over somebody (с кем-л.), (о женщине) throw ass, throw one a hump, tick-tack, tie the true lovers' knot, till, tip somebody (с кем-л.), (о мужчине) tom, tonk, toss in the hay, trim the buff, trip, trow, tumble in, tup somebody (с кем-л.), twang, (о мужчине) varnish (one's) cane, (о мужчине) wag (one's) bum, wallow, wax, wear somebody, wedge, (о мужчине) wet (one's) wick, whack it up, wham (особ. быстро, без любовной игры), wham-bam (особ. быстро, без любовной игры), work, work (one's) bot, wriggle navels, yentz (из идиш), zap, zig-zag, bone, converge

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > совокупляться

  • 16 अधिकरणम् _adhikaraṇam

    अधिकरणम् [कृ-ल्युदट्]
    1 Placing at the head of, appointing &c.
    -2 Relation, reference, connection; रामाधिकरणाः कथाः Rām. referring to.
    -3 (In gram.) Agreement, concord, government or grammatical relation (as of subject and predicate &c.); तत्पुरुषः समानाधिकरणः कर्मधारयः P.1.2.42 having the members (of the compound) in the same relation or apposition; समानाधिकरणो or व्यधिकरणो बहुर्व्रीहिः; पीताम्बरः, चक्रपाणिः &c.
    -4 A receptacle or subject, technically substratum ज्ञानाधिकरणम् आत्मा T. S. the soul is the substratum of knowledge.
    -5 Location, place, the sense of the locative case; आधारोधिकरणम् P.1.4.45; कर्तृकर्म- व्यवहितामसाक्षाद्धारयत् क्रियाम् । उपकुर्वत् क्रियासिद्धौ शास्त्रेधिकरणं स्मृतम् ॥ Hari; as गेहे स्थाल्यामन्नं पचति.
    -6 A topic, subject; section, article or paragraph; a com- plete argument treating of one subject; A chapter in Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra. e. g. प्रथमाधिकरणम् the Sūtras of Vyāsa and Jaimini are divided into Adhyāyas, the Adhyāyas into Pādas and the Pādas into Adhikara- ṇas or sections. (According to the Mīmāṁsakas a complete Adhikaraṇa consists of five members: विषय the subject or matter to be explained, विशय or संशय the doubt or question arising upon that matter, पूर्वपक्ष the first side or prima facie argument concerning it, उत्तर or उत्तरपक्ष or सिद्धान्त the answer or demonstrated conclusion, and संगति pertinency or relevancy, or (according to others निर्णय the final conclusion); विषयो विशयश्चैव पूर्वपक्षस्तथोत्तरम् । निर्णयश्चैति सिद्धान्तः शास्त्रे$धिकरणं स्मृतम् ॥ The Vedāntins put संगति in th 3 rd place, and सिद्धान्त last; तत्र एकैकमधिकरणं पञ्चावयवम्, विषयः संदेहः संगतिः पूर्वपक्षः सिद्धान्तश्च. Generally speaking, the five members may be विषय, संशय, पूर्वपक्ष, उत्तरपक्ष and सिद्धान्त or राद्धान्त).
    -7 Court of justice, court, tribunal; स्वान्दोषान् कथयन्ति नाधिकरणे Mk.9.3; ˚रणे च साधनम् Dk.4.
    -8 Stuff, material; विप्रतिषिद्धं चानधिकरणवाचि P.II.4.13 (अद्रव्यवाचि); अधिकरणै ˚एतावत्त्वे च P.II.4.15 fixed number of things, as दश तन्तोष्ठः Sk.
    -9 A claim, Bhāg, 5.1.16.
    -1 Supremacy.
    -11 A government department; सर्वाधिकरणरक्षणम् Kau. A.4.
    -12 A gathering place प्रत्यक्षाश्च परोक्षाश्च सर्वाधिकरणेष्वथ । वृत्तेर्भरतशार्दूल नित्यं चैवान्ववेक्षणम् ॥ Mb.12.59.68.
    -13 A department; अश्वागारान् गजागारान् बलाधिकरणानि च Mb.12. 69.54.
    -णी One who superintends.
    -Comp. -भोजकः a court-dignitary, a judge, भीतभीता अधिकरणभोजकाः Mk.9.
    -मण्डपः court or hall of justice. अधिकरणमण्डपस्य मार्गमादेशय Mk.9.
    -लेखकः a. official recorder or scribe, who drew up sale-deeds and other documents after getting the land measured in his presence; RT.VI.38.
    -विचालः [अधिकरणस्य विचालः अन्यथाकरणम्] changing the quantity of any thing, increasing or decreasing it so many times; ˚विचाले च P.V.3.43; द्रव्यस्य संख्यान्तरापादने संख्याया धा स्यात्; एकं राशिं पञ्चधा कुरु Sk.
    -सिद्धान्तः a conclusion which involves others.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अधिकरणम् _adhikaraṇam

  • 17 BÓK

    * * *
    (gen. bókar and bœkr; pl. bœkr), f.
    1) beech, beechtree;
    2) poet. textile fabric with figures woven in it (bœkr þínar enar bláhvítu);
    3) book;
    lesa á bók, to read a book;
    rita á bók, setja á bœkr, to set down in writing, to put on record;
    kunna (festa) et útan bókar, to know (to get) by heart;
    heilög bók, the divine book, the bible;
    4) the gospel (vinna eið at bók; cf. bókareiðr);
    5) Latin kenna em á bók, to teach one Latin;
    nema á bók, to learn Latin;
    setja en til bókar, to put one to school (in order to make him a priest);
    hann heitir á bók ( in Latin) Jaskonius;
    svá segir (er sagt) í bókum (in Latin books);
    6) lawbook, code of law (lögbók, Jónsbók).
    * * *
    1.
    ar, f. [Lat. fāgus; Gr. φηγός; A. S. bôc; Engl. beech; Germ. buche (fem.); Swed. bok; Dan. böge, etc.]:—a beech, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët. Owing to the absence of trees in Icel., the word rarely occurs; moreover the collect. beyki, n., is more freq.
    2.
    gen. bókar, but also in old writers bækr, pl. bækr, [Ulf. renders by bôca the Gr. βίβλος, γράμματα, επιστολή, etc.; A. S. bôc; Engl. book; Germ. buch (neut.); Swed. bok; Dan. bog: the identity between bók fāgus and bók liber seems certain; the gender is in all Scandinavian idioms the same; modern German has made a distinction in using buche fem., buch neut.; both are akin to the Gr.-Lat. fāgus, φηγός; cp. also the analogy with Gr. βίβλος and Lat. liber ( book and bark): bók-stafr also properly means a beech-twig, and then a letter. In old times, before the invention of parchment, the bark of trees was used for writing on]:—a book.
    I. the earliest notion, however, of a ‘book’ in Scandin. is that of a precious stuff, a textile fabric with figures, or perhaps characters, woven in it; it occurs three or four times in old poems in this sense; bók ok blæja, bjartar váðir, Skv. 3. 47; bækr (bekr) þínar enar bláhvítu ofnar völundum (of bed-sheets?), Hðm. 7, Gh. 4: bók-rúnar, Sdm. 19, may refer to this; or is it = runes engraven on beech-wood?
    II. a book in the proper sense. Icel. say, rita and setja saman bók (sögu), to write and compose a book ( story); old writers prefer saying, rita ‘á’ bók (dat. or acc.) instead of ‘í,’ perhaps bearing in mind that the earliest writings were on scrolls, or even on stones or wooden slabs—barbara fraxineis pingatur runa tabellis; they also prefer to use the plur. instead of sing. without regard to volumes (as in Engl. writings); það finst ritað á bókum, Fms. i. 157; á bókum Ara prests hins Fróða, iii. 106; historia ecclesiarum á tveim (sjau) bókum, Dipl. v. 18; á bókum er sagt, Landn. (pref.); á bókum Enskum, id.; á bók þessi (acc.) lét ek rita fornar frásagnir, Hkr. (pref.); but svá segir í bók þeirri sem Edda heitir, Skálda 222; þá hluti sem frammi standa í bók þessi, 159; svá sem hann (viz. Ari) hefir sjálfr ritað í sínum bókum, Ó. H. 188; þeir er Styrmir reiknar í sinni bók, Fb. ii. 68; hér fyrr í bókinni.
    III. a book, i. e. a story, history (Saga), since in Icel. histories were the favourite books; cp. Íslendinga-bók, Konunga-bók, bók Styrmis; Landnáma-bók; bækr þær er Snorri setti saman, Sturl. ii. 123. It is used of the Gospel in the law phrases, sem búar virða við bók, vinna eið at bók (bókar-eiðr), of a verdict given or an oath taken by laying the hand upon the Gospel, Grág. (Þ. Þ.) several times; as the Engl. phrase ‘to swear on the book’ is common; of a code (of law) = Jóns-bók, after A. D. 1272 or 1281, Bs. i. 720, 723, vide Ann. those years; hafa bók even means to hold the book, i. e. to hold the office of lögmaðr (law-man, judge); Þórðr Narfa son hafði bók, Ann. (Hol.) A. D. 1304; á bókarinnar vegna, on the part of the book, i. e. the law, D. N. ii. 492. Mod. phrases: skrifa, rita, semja bók, to write it; lesa í bók, to read it; but syngja á bók, to sing from a book; fletta bók, to turn over the leaves; líta, blaða, í bók, to peruse, look into a book (hann lítr aldrei í bók, he never looks into a book); lesa bók ofan í kjölinn, to read a book carefully, v. lesa bók spjaldanna í milli, to read it from end to end:—sálma-bók, flokka-bók, a hymn-book; kvæða-bók, ljóða-bók, a book of poems; sögu-bók, of histories; lög-bók, of laws; Guðs orða-bók, God’s word-book, a religious book:—also of MSS., Flateyjar-bók (Cod. Flateyensis), Orms-bók, Uppsala-bók, Konungs-bók, Staðarfells-bók, Skálholts-bók, etc.:—phrases relating to books: það er allt á eina bókina lært, all learnt from the same book, i. e. all of one piece (esp. denoting one-sidedness); blindr er bóklauss maðr, blind is a bookless man; læra utan-bókar, to learn without book, by heart; bókvit, ‘bookwit,’ knowledge got from books; mannvit, mother-wit, common sense; allra manna vit er minna en þeirra er af bókum taka mannvit sitt, Sks. 22:—also, setja e-n til bækr, to set one to book, i. e. put one to school in order to make him priest; berja e-n til bækr, to thrash one to the book, i. e. into learning, Bs. i; a book has spjöld, boards; kjöl, keel, back; snið, cut; brot, size.
    COMPDS: bókagull, bókagörð, bókakista, bókalectari, bókalist, bókarblað, bókarbót, bókareiðr, bókareiðstafr, bókarlag, bókarskeyting, bókarskrá, bókarstóll, bókartak, bókarvitni, bókaskápr, bókasteinn, bókastokkr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BÓK

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